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Evaluation of Lithium Disilicate Surface Morphology Treated with Er,Cr:YSGG and Fractional CO2 Laser
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Abstract: The use of indirect, all-ceramic restorations has grown in popularity among dentists. Studies have demonstrated that for indirect ceramic restorations to be effective over time, cement and ceramic must be bonded in a stable manner. Chemical, mechanical, and laser irradiation are among the methods used to precondition ceramic surfaces in order to increase bond strength.The objective of the study: This study was performed to investigate the roughness values and surface topography of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic treated with conventional methods and different Er,Cr:YSGG, and fractional CO2 laser conditioning parameters.Material and methods: Sixty samples of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic were divided as follows: 1- (n = 10) untreated; 2- (n = 10) Hydrofluoric acid etched; 3- (n = 10) conditioned by Er,Cr: YSGG laser at (7 W, 25 Hz, 50/50% Water/Air, pulse duration 60 us, irradiation time 2 min); 4- (n = 10) conditioned by Er,Cr:YSGG  laser at (5 W, 25 Hz, 50/50% Water/Air, pulse duration 60 us, irradiation time 2 min); 5- (n = 10) conditioned by fractional CO2 laser at (power 8 W, pulse duration 10 ms); 6- (n = 10) conditioned by fractional CO2 laser at (power 6 W, pulse duration 10 ms). Then evaluated by: Profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy.Results: The highest roughness values were found in CO2 laser power 8 W treated samples, followed by Er,Cr:YSGG laser power 7W treated samples. The hydrofluoric acid-etched samples showed roughness values comparable to those of CO2 laser-irradiated samples with a power of 6 W. The untreated sample showed the smoothest surface with the lowest roughness value.Conclusion: The application of Er,Cr:YSGG, fractional CO2 lasers enhances the surface roughness of lithium disilicate samples positively, showing the promised results of using these parameters in bonding procedures.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Constructing fuzzy linear programming model with practical application
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This paper deals with constructing a model of fuzzy linear programming with application on fuels product of Dura- refinery , which consist of seven products that have direct effect ondaily consumption . After Building the model which consist of objective function represents the selling prices ofthe products and fuzzy productions constraints and fuzzy demand constraints addition to production requirements constraints , we used program of ( WIN QSB )  to find the optimal solution

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Proceedings Of The 2020 2nd International Conference On Sustainable Manufacturing, Materials And Technologies
The food web prey-predator model with toxin
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
MyBotS Prototype on Social Media Discord with NLP
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The continuous growth in technology and technological devices has led to the development of machines to help ease various human-related activities. For instance, irrespective of the importance of information on the Steam platform, buyers or players still get little information related to the application. This is not encouraging despite the importance of information in this current globalization era. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an attractive and interactive application that allows users to ask questions and get answers, such as a chatbot, which can be implemented on Discord social media. Artificial Intelligence is a technique that allows machines to think and be able to make their own decisions. This research showed that the dis

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 02 2015
Journal Name
American Journal Of Applied Sciences
Advances in Document Clustering with Evolutionary-Based Algorithms
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Document clustering is the process of organizing a particular electronic corpus of documents into subgroups of similar text features. Formerly, a number of conventional algorithms had been applied to perform document clustering. There are current endeavors to enhance clustering performance by employing evolutionary algorithms. Thus, such endeavors became an emerging topic gaining more attention in recent years. The aim of this paper is to present an up-to-date and self-contained review fully devoted to document clustering via evolutionary algorithms. It firstly provides a comprehensive inspection to the document clustering model revealing its various components with its related concepts. Then it shows and analyzes the principle research wor

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 28 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Generalized Left Derivations with Identities on Near-Rings
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In this paper, new concepts which are called: left derivations and generalized left derivations in nearrings have been defined. Furthermore, the commutativity of the 3-prime near-ring which involves some
algebraic identities on generalized left derivation has been studied.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Semigroup ideal in Prime Near-Rings with Derivations
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In this paper we generalize some of the results due to Bell and Mason on a near-ring N admitting a derivation D , and we will show that the body of evidence on prime near-rings with derivations have the behavior of the ring. Our purpose in this work is to explore further this ring like behavior. Also, we show that under appropriate additional hypothesis a near-ring must be a commutative ring.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2007
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Urine Cytology in Patients with Long Standing Dialysis
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Background: Dialysis is in common use to treat patients
with end stage renal failure .However longstanding dialysis
harboring some cellular changes in various body fluids.
This study was conducted in order to detect these changes
in urine.
Objective: The study was conducted to detect cellular
changes in urine of patients with longstanding dialysis.
Method: Fifty-three urine samples were examined
cytologically obtained from patients with longstanding
dialysis during 6 months period. Freshly voided midstream
urine samples were taken . Samples were centrifuged and 2
to 3 drops of sediments were smeared on 2 glass slides and
fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol then stained with Hand E stain
to be evaluated.
R

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2006
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Serum Zinc Level in Patients with Heart Failure
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Background: Zinc is involved in a variety of
metabolic processes and it has a well known
antioxidant activity, so the measurement of its serum
level can have a special value in several diseases.
Objectives: The study is designed to determine the
serum zinc level in heart failure patients and to
compare it with that of healthy individuals and to
study the significance of the results obtained.
Methods: Atomic absorption spectrometer
technique was used to determine serum zinc level in
fifty heart failure patients and fifty healthy individuals
who were age and sex matched.
Results: The mean serum zinc level in healthy
individuals was about 45.5% greater than that of heart
failure patients. This diffe

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 30 2020
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Tympanostomy Tube Complication in Otitis Media with Effusion
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Background: Otitis media with effusion is characterized by accumulation of fluid in the middle ear in absence of acute inflammation and  it is the most common cause of  acquired hearing loss in children, and may  negatively affect language development failure of medical treatment of middle ear effusion frequently require myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion.

Objectives: To determine tympanostomy tube complications of tube in children with chronic otitis media with effusion who were treated with Shah Grommet tube insertion.

Methods: The Medical records of 162 ears of 87 children (52 male and 35 female) were reviewed respectively, the patients ages wer

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 16 2022
Journal Name
Periodicals Of Engineering And Natural Sciences (pen)
Optimization algorithms for transportation problems with stochastic demand
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The purpose of this paper is to solve the stochastic demand for the unbalanced transport problem using heuristic algorithms to obtain the optimum solution, by minimizing the costs of transporting the gasoline product for the Oil Products Distribution Company of the Iraqi Ministry of Oil. The most important conclusions that were reached are the results prove the possibility of solving the random transportation problem when the demand is uncertain by the stochastic programming model. The most obvious finding to emerge from this work is that the genetic algorithm was able to address the problems of unbalanced transport, And the possibility of applying the model approved by the oil products distribution company in the Iraqi Ministry of Oil to m

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