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D-shape Optical Fiber Development and Enhancement as a Refractive Indices Sensor Using Surface Plasmon Resonance
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This article showcases the development and utilization of a side-polished fiber optic sensor that can identify altered refractive index levels within a glucose solution through the investigation of the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The aim was to enhance efficiency by means of the placement of a 50 nm-thick layer of gold at the D-shape fiber sensing area. The detector was fabricated by utilizing a silica optical fiber (SOF), which underwent a cladding stripping process that resulted in three distinct lengths, followed by a polishing method to remove a portion of the fiber diameter and produce a cross-sectional D-shape. During experimentation with glucose solution, the side-polished fiber optic sensor revealed an adept detection sensitivity of 0.2015 au. /RIU. In order to improve sensitivity, a recent sensor was subjected to a coating process utilizing a thin film layer of gold (Au) measuring a thickness of 50 nm. The sensor was subsequently subjected to a series of tests utilizing the same glucose solutions as in previous experiments. A notable enhancement in sensitivity was observed when utilizing gold as the sensing material, with an equivalent maximum sensitivity of 3.101 au. /RIU.

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 16 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Humanities And Social Sciences Researches
The Role and Importance of Electronic Automation in Banking Service Development: A Case Study of the Commercial Bank of Iraq
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Electronic banking services appeared as a result of laying the foundations for the application of electronic automation in the banking field, and despite the clear expansion in its adoption and implementation as an inevitable necessity imposed by international and national developments, its application was not ideal according to the level that was expected to occur after the abandonment of traditional banking services, which produced some risks Which is evident in the absence of a legal system, whether at the level of proving and authoritative electronic banking services such as electronic signature, Or at the level of protecting the confidentiality of these services and ensuring that they are not exp

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy
A Study On The Effects Of Risk Factors On The Pathology And The Development Of Breast Cancer In Iraqi Women
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Breast cancer is one of the most important malignant diseases all over the world. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing around the world and it is still the leading cause of cancer mortality An Approximately 1.3 million new cases were diagnosed worldwide last year. With areas rising increasing, risk factors for breast cancer including obesity, early menarche, alcohol and smoking, environmental contamination and reduced or late birth rates become more prevalent. In Iraq, breast cancer ranks first among types of cancers diagnosed in women. This study was conducted on one hundred twenty women with breast cancer that was evaluated and investigated for the possible role of the risk factors on the development of breast cancer in females. T

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
African Journal Of Hospitality, Tourism And Leisure
Effect of Employees' Abilities on Successful ICT Application and Sustainable Development Goals: a Descriptive Study in hospitality Organizations in Iraq
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of ICT applications in public service organizations, which is responsible for the implementation of public policy. The study examined the success of ICT in achieving its goals by meeting the main needs of the community members which is the first requirement in the success of sustainable development plans before determine the capabilities of ICT. The main pillar of success in the implementation of ICT systems is the key to improving the efficiency of the organization's performance. This is a reflection of the effectiveness and quality of the services provided to its beneficiaries. The study concluded that the current level of capabilities of individuals working in public organizations i

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 28 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Development of 3D Geological Model and Analysis of the Uncertainty in a Tight Oil Reservoir in the Halfaya Oil Field
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A geological model was built for the Sadi reservoir, located at the Halfaya oil field. It is regarded as one of the most significant oilfields in Iraq. The study includes several steps, the most essential of which was importing well logs from six oil wells to the Interactive Petrophysics software for conducting interpretation and analysis to calculate the petrophysical properties such as permeability, porosity, shale volume, water saturation, and NTG and then importing maps and the well tops to the Petrel software to build the 3D-Geological model and to calculate the value of the original oil in place. Three geological surfaces were produced for all Sadi units based on well-top data and the top Sadi structural map. The reservoir has

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Mechanical Properties Enhancement of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement by Adding Zirconium Oxide Micro and Nanoparticles
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The aim of this work is to enhance the mechanical properties of the glass ionomer cement GIC (dental materials) by adding Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 in both micro and nano particles. GIC were mixed with (3, 5 and 7) wt% of both ZrO2 micro and nanoparticles separately. Compressive strength (CS), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), Vickers Microhardness (VH) and wear rate losses (WR) were investigated. The maximum compression strength was 122.31 MPa with 5 wt. % ZrO2 micro particle, while 3wt% nanoparticles give highest Microhardness and biaxial flexural strength of 88.8 VHN and 35.79 MPa respectively. The minimum wear rate losses were 3.776µg/m with 7 wt. % ZrO2 nanoparticle. GIC-contai

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 07 2026
Journal Name
Algorithms
An In-Depth Review of Speech Enhancement Algorithms: Classifications, Underlying Principles, Challenges, and Emerging Trends
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Speech enhancement aims to improve speech quality and intelligibility in noisy environments and is important in applications such as hearing aids, mobile communications and automatic speech recognition (ASR). This paper shows a structured review of speech enhancement techniques, classified depending on the channel configuration and signal processing framework. Both traditional and modern approaches are discussed, including classical signal processing methods, machine learning techniques, and recent deep learning-based models. Furthermore, common noise types, widely used speech datasets, and standard evaluation metrics for evaluating speech quality and intelligibility are reviewed. Key challenges such as non-stationary noise, data li

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Publication Date
Sun May 01 2022
Journal Name
Civil Engineering Journal
Phases of Urban Development Impact on the Assessment of Thermal Comfort: A Comparative Environmental Study
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Millions of pilgrims and visitors from numerous parts of the world flock to Karbala (one of the most prominent ideological and religious places in central Iraq) each year to visit the holy shrines in Karbala due to their sanctity. Many improvements have been made to the Two Holy Shrines (THS), the Shrines of Imam Husayn and Imam Abbas, and the area between them (ATHS), due to the high temperatures in this region and to improve pedestrian thermal comfort. Studies on improving outdoor thermal comfort in Karbala are scarce. Hence, this research aims to look into historical and current architectural changes and how they affect thermal comfort. On the hottest summer day, the ENVI-met software program was used to simulate the building des

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Publication Date
Sun May 01 2022
Journal Name
Civil Engineering Journal
Phases of Urban Development Impact on the Assessment of Thermal Comfort: A Comparative Environmental Study
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Millions of pilgrims and visitors from numerous parts of the world flock to Karbala (one of the most prominent ideological and religious places in central Iraq) each year to visit the holy shrines in Karbala due to their sanctity. Many improvements have been made to the Two Holy Shrines (THS), the Shrines of Imam Husayn and Imam Abbas, and the area between them (ATHS), due to the high temperatures in this region and to improve pedestrian thermal comfort. Studies on improving outdoor thermal comfort in Karbala are scarce. Hence, this research aims to look into historical and current architectural changes and how they affect thermal comfort. On the hottest summer day, the ENVI-met software program was used to simulate the building des

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effectiveness of a Training Program for the Development of Moral Intelligence among Preparatory Students
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This current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a training program in developing moral intelligence and mutual social confidence among middle school students. The researcher made a number of hypotheses for this purpose to achieve the goal of the research.                             

The researcher relied on the (Al Zawaida 2011) scale prepared according to Coles (1997), including (60) items, and the mutual social trust scale for (Nazmi 2001) based on Roter's theory including (38) items.               &nbsp

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Development Binary Search Algorithm
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There are many methods of searching large amount of data to find one particular piece of information. Such as find name of person in record of mobile. Certain methods of organizing data make the search process more efficient the objective of these methods is to find the element with least cost (least time). Binary search algorithm is faster than sequential and other commonly used search algorithms. This research develops binary search algorithm by using new structure called Triple, structure in this structure data are represented as triple. It consists of three locations (1-Top, 2-Left, and 3-Right) Binary search algorithm divide the search interval in half, this process makes the maximum number of comparisons (Average case com

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