Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is Gram-positive bacteria that lives as a normal flora in living organisms but can be pathogenic to humans. Although a relatively unspectacular, nonmotile coccoid bacterium, S. aureus is a dangerous human pathogen in both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. Due to the increasing emergence of new strains of this antibiotic-resistant bacteria, it has become essential to approach different methods to control this pathogen. One of these methods is the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation process using a low-level laser, in this paper, the Photodynamic effects of Rose Bengal and LLLL on the virulence factors of S.aureus were evaluated. The aim of the study The present study aims to evaluate the Photodynamic effects on S. aureus using laser irradiation and Rose Bengal as an external photosensitizer. Methods: sixty samples from sputum were taken. Then ten isolated from these samples were chosen to be under the study, where RB was used at a concentatin of 100 μg/ml that is activated by diode laser (532 nm) with power density of 1 W/m2and exposure time (1, 2& 3) minute. Results: show that there is no effect on the inhibition of virulence factors except at the last minute, that is, the virulence factors decrease at the third minute only in the absence of a photosensitizer agent, while there is a direct effect of activated Rose Bengal on S. aureus isolated from the sputum of Iraqi patients with pneumonia, where all times of exposure of (RB + 532 nm) were effect on the virulence factors by inhibiting it. Conclusions: show that the diode laser of 532 nm has no effect on the virulence factor of S. aureus isolated from sputum except at the third minute, while RB activated by diode laser (532 nm) have an effective action on all virulence factors of S. aureus isolated from sputum at all times of exposure, accordingly, it was concluded that when using a laser diode alone, the bacterial viability decreases at the third minute only, While when using Rose Bengal activated by a diode laser, the viability of bacteria is reduced at all times of exposure.
The present study aim at preparing frusemide in liquid form suitable for oral use. This is achieved through preparing different liquid forms of frusemide. The frusemide liquid is prepared in the following forms: oral solution, syrup and elixir with intensity of 1, 0.4 and 0.8% weight /volume respectively and in combination with potassium carbonate, polysorbate 80, alcohol and phosphate buffer solution of pH8 to dissolve the frusemide in the above mentioned forms. The different forms of the prepared medicine have been stored in glass bottles that can provide protection against light and at 40, 50, 600C for four months. Besides the pH has been checked to decide the period of validity. The results show that the expiration date of
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Using an electrochemical polymerization technique at room temperature, poly nicotine amide (PNA) was produced from the monomer nicotine amide (NA) in aqueous solution. The structure of polymer layer generated on the stainless steel surface (316 L) (working electrode) is investigated by Fourier Transmission Infrared Region (FT-IR). The anti-corrosion activity of polymer coating on the stainless steel (SS 316 L) is investigated by electrochemical polarization in 0.20M solution of HCl at 293-323K. The graphene -modified polymer film-coated SS had greater protection efficiency (PE percent) when compared to Nano ZnO -modified polymer film-coated SS. For the corrosion process of SS 316 L, kinetic and thermo-dynamic parameters of activation are
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In this paper, a cognitive system based on a nonlinear neural controller and intelligent algorithm that will guide an autonomous mobile robot during continuous path-tracking and navigate over solid obstacles with avoidance was proposed. The goal of the proposed structure is to plan and track the reference path equation for the autonomous mobile robot in the mining environment to avoid the obstacles and reach to the target position by using intelligent optimization algorithms. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithms are used to finding the solutions of the mobile robot navigation problems in the mine by searching the optimal paths and finding the reference path equation of the optimal
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We apply a semi classical partial-wave scattering method based on the induced density approach (IDA) model. For ion electron scattering, the transport cross section is used to calculate the energy loss. This method yields a non-perturbative exemplification of energy loss, bridging the difference among classical and quantal representations. The focus of this work is the interaction of hetero nuclear di-cluster (He-H) ions with a free gas. The results show three kinds of stopping power in (a.u) (cluster stopping power, self-stopping power and correlated stopping power) of hetero nuclear di-cluster ions (He-H) with velocity at different atomic di-cluster distances at different densities and temperatures. We find that Bragg’
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In this research thin films from SnO2 semiconductor have been prepared by using chemical pyrolysis spray method from solution SnCl2.2H2O at 0.125M concentration on glass at substrate temperature (723K ).Annealing was preformed for prepared thin film at (823K) temperature. The structural and sensing properties of SnO2 thin films for CO2 gas was studied before and after annealing ,as well as we studied the effect temperature annealing on grain size for prepared thin films .
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The technology and modern social communication medias have contributed to changing many of our concepts about education to a large extent; these technological advancements have created new challenges for the Instructor of course, but on the other hand it did provided him with expressive media, models and strategies that the old methods cannot fulfill, including the flipped classroom strategy, which is one of the modern technical solutions and in it's optimal use it can correct the weakness of the traditional education and can develop the communication skills as a whole among the students, in order to create a positive, active and interactive student.
The current research contained - four chapters: the first one included the methodolog
The demand on energy sources throughout the world have led to an increase in the production processes of crude oil which is considered to be the main source of energy, without considering the impact on the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of drilling processes and crude oil spillage on soil in the Rumaila oil field, Basra, Southern Iraq. An investigation was undertaken to determine the content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in the soil. Ten soil samples were collected near oil wells and analyzed. The results showed a high concentration of PAHsin the soil, particularly (Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene and Pyrene) due to crude oil spillage. The he
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Several adipokines are produced and secreted from adipose tissue, such as retinol binding protein-4, which triggers metabolic syndromes and insulin resistance. Retinol binding protein-4 transfers vitamin A or retinol in the blood. Higher levels of retinol binding protein-4 are interrelated with progress of metabolic disease, comprising obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study investigates the role of retinol-binding protein-4 levels in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients with metabolic syndrome. Sixty type 2 diabetic patients aged 40–53 years were examined. Of these 30 patients has metabolic syndrome and 30 without metabolic syndrome. The patients sampled were from the National Diabetes Center/ Mustansiriyah
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