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PDF Design Optical BPF Using Double Clad Fiber MZI for Free Space Optical Communication: Mohanad G. Khamees , Tahreer S. Mansour*
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Abstract: A novel design of Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) in terms of using special type of optical fiber that has double clad with graded distribution of the refractive index that can be easily implemented practically was suggested and simulated in this work. The suggested design is compact, rapid, and is simple to be modified and tested. The simulated design contains a MZI of 1546.74 nm of central wavelength that is constructed using special type of double clad optical fiber that has two different numerical apertures. The first aperture will supply single mode propagation via its core, while the second numerical aperture supports a zigzag wave propagation (multimode) in the first clad region. The interferometer’s sensing arm (double clad fiber) was etched using 40% Hydro-Fluoric (HF) acid to achieve three different fiber diameters, which are ( 84, 72, 54 ) µm with ( 5 ) cm length. The simulation programs Optiwave version 15 and Optigrating version 4.2.2 were used to simulate the setup and to acquire the readings for the three durations of etching (10, 20, and 30) min, and also for the case of no etching at all. The obtained results show that the simulated setup can be used efficiently to test which one of the etching cases has the highest effect on the performance of the overall system, specifically when it comes to spectrum bandwidth, signal amplitude, and received power.

 

The simulated design contains a MZI of 1546.74 n. meter of central reflection wavelength that is constructed from different types of optical fibers. The used Double Clad (DC) optical fiber diameter was reduced in 3 steps as if it was etched using Hydro-Fluoric (HF) acid to achieve three additional different diameters, which are (84, 72, 54) µ. meters in addition to the default 125 µ. meters.

 

The simulation programs (Optiwave and Optigrating) were used to simulate the setup and to acquire the readings for the three durations of etching (10, 20, and 30) min, and also for the case of no etching at all. The obtained results show that the simulated setup can be used efficiently to test which one of the etching cases has the highest effect on the performance of the overall system, specifically when it comes to spectrum bandwidth, signal amplitude, and received power.

 

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2007
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
GOVERNESS DETERMINARS ROLE IN REDUCING THE NEGATIVE CONCEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION AND PRIVATIZING
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It is not long time since globalization has started along with knowledge economy and, communication media and technical information control on the world. As a result serious events appeared like failure in businesses, financial corruption and shortage of administration and control.

In spite of the great efforts held by international organizations and foundations to find organizational frames that adopt independence, que

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 08 2023
Journal Name
الاستاذ
توظيف الألفاظ والتراكيب من السياق القرآني في شعر هيثم الزبيدي
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
بيت الحكمة
دور مجلس المنافسة في الحد من الممارسات التمييزية ضد العمالء
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Publication Date
Thu Nov 08 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
براعة براعة علماء الأندلس في الزراعة من خلال مؤلفاتهم الفلاحية
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           It was the sayings of Andalusia scholars in agriculture based on experiments and theories that helped a lot in the success and development of agriculture in the Andalusia ,and also The divisions of the soil and out types and forms it helped a lot of to know arable of non-arable land earth and all off the determination of the color of repentance is important often discovered by agricultural scientists and that helped in the cultivation of certain crops in certain land without another land.and though each particular agricultural crops specific soil in which to live and not live in other soil ,

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 06 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
من اعجازات القرآن الكریم الأصل العضوي للنفط في سورة الاعلى
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The energy consider generally and specifically the petroleum energy
from the prior requirement of the population and nations, and the basics of the
survival of mankind and all the challenges for the sake of continuum, so
without this energy the life of ankind being varied, so far the life is still as a
fact on the planet earth, and suppose the life may continue as the willing of
Allah ,that the events and the standards and the degree of development is still
as it is, in another word no any technical developments and no any
entertainment no transportation and also there is no demographic domination
for the whole lands belonging to Allah, certainly no way to talk more on what
we and the others knew, what is the g

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
British Military Administration and its attitude of Ethnicities Religious Minorities in Iraq (1914-1920(
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The Interests of British Military in Iraq was not based upon unified vision for the Iraqi identity ,it worked on breaking that identity and deal with the different ethnic and religious minorities and tried to bring it to its side and use it and its figures in the governmental position ,the aim was to make these minorities and here to the Britain to achieve its purposes and strategies in Iraq also vowed to provoked discord social conflicts between the components of Iraqi society.
However , the British military administration depended the portioning and deepen the cracks by depending on ethnic as well as religious minorities to achieve its plans in the future and plays on the string of these minorities under the pretext of defending it

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The political violence risk insurance A possibility of its application in Iraq
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Iraqi insurance market need to develop products and to find new insurance policies to cover the damages of the violence and political commotions dangers and to meet the needs of the proposers.                                       

 The global insurance companies recently issued such policies to pay the losses wich caused by the violent political acts of vandalism suffered by the property and investments wich estimated billions of dollars.                

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Concept of Fairness Accounting and its Role in Reducing Earnings Management Practices
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The aims of research is diagnose and indicate the role of fairness in the work of accounting, which is important in reducing the unacceptable practices to manage earnings by economic units, As well as the interpretation and indicate Ethical inside in the accounting and accountants in particular practices in the area of ​​earnings management to reduce the negative effects of the practice and display the results mentioned acts according to what is supposed to be for the purposes of service users, Researchers have identified that one hypothesis, that "Fairness of accountants in of their work accounting lead to a reduction of earnings management practices". The results suggest that the accounting practices that lead to the manipu

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 06 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
براعة براعة علماء الأندلس في الزراعة من خلال مؤلفاتهم الفلاحية
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           It was the sayings of Andalusia scholars in agriculture based on experiments and theories that helped a lot in the success and development of agriculture in the Andalusia ,and also The divisions of the soil and out types and forms it helped a lot of to know arable of non-arable land earth and all off the determination of the color of repentance is important often discovered by agricultural scientists and that helped in the cultivation of certain crops in certain land without another land.and though each particular agricultural crops specific soil in which to live and not live in other soil

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of paid the offices of the Inspectors General on mutation fraud Crimes
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       Fraud crimes, which is a form of crimes against the funds in public office, is one of the crimes of traditional and cutting-edge in the same time, but it took a distinct character from other traditional crimes because of what is based upon, behavioral fundamentals and foundations and expressive image of personal qualities, concentrated in the mental work, the inventive sophistication, and skillful abilities of the perpetrators of these crimes, in addition to what is owned by crooks today a behavioral ability represented in underestimating laws and instructions. Fraud is considered one of the organized crime methods It is the most important method of its methods, all crimes practiced by the cro

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