Background: Crown preparation of vital teeth involve the removal of a sound tooth structure, and when enamel removed this lead to exposed dentin with an increase in the number of open dentinal tubules also the diameter of dentinal tubules will increase, furthermore lead to increase movement of fluids inside the tubules all that causes post preparation sensitivity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of desensitizing by Er:Cr:YSGG laser on shear bond strength of prepared tooth and resin cement. Materials and methods: Thirty sound maxillary premolars, grouped into three groups(n=10). Group A is the control group, group B irradiated by Er:Cr:YSGG laser with (0.25 W, 20 Hz, 10%water and air), group C irradiated by Er:Cr:YSGG laser with (0.5 W, 20 Hz, 10% water and air). Results: SEM examination showed complete occlusion of opened dentinal tubules after laser irradiation of both groups that irradiated with laser. Statistical analysis showed significant increase in surface roughness in group B and C. SBS was significantly increase in group B with no significant increase in group C. Conclusion: Er:Cr:YSGG laser can occlude open dentinal tubules without and adverse effect on the retention of the restoration, on the contrary it increase bonding strength. And this increasing was significant in group B with (0.25W, 20 Hz, 10 % water and air). suggestion: so the parameters used in group B (0.25 W, 20Hz, 10 % water and air) is recommended for desensitizing prepared tooth and induce enhancement to the bonding strength of resin to tooth surface.
A new ligand ( 4- methoxy benzoyl ) carbamothioyl ) Glycine (MCG) is synthesized by reaction of (4- methoxy benzoyl isothiocyanate) with Glycine(1:1). It is characterized by micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.S.), FT-IR, (UV-Vis) and 1H and 13CNMR spectra. Some metals ions complexes of this ligand were prepared and characterized byFT-IR,UV-Visible spectra, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. From results obtained, the following formula [M(MCG)2] where M2+ = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, , Cd and Hg, the proposed molecular structure for these complexes as tetrahedral geometry, except copper complex is has square planer geometry.
To investigate the research objectives, the researchers put the following hypothesis:
There was no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who studied the language of rhetoric according to model of learning method, and the average score of the students of the control group who studied the same article in the traditional way acquiring rhetorical concept. The researchers relied on the experimental design with the partial setting of the post-test, which depends on the experimental group that is taught using the model of the learning method, and the control group taught using the traditional method.
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The Research deals with the negative phenomena which appeared in the urban scenes of the Iraqi cities after 2003, particularly trespassing the architectural design of the urban Individual houses. Many academic researchers , critics, and cultural circles, drawn attention to the impact of political and cultural variable change on such phenomena without detailed analysis . The research problem is set according to central questions : If the phenomena is the trespass , what
are the sides which are being trespassed in the division of the individual house? , If the diagnosis of the phenomena denotes perceived repetition of the cases , So what's size of this transposes on the architectural design of t
Stress with all its kinds are the results of a nick development Leading to delinquency burdening the ability of people.. development gas its effect on self and body reflecting on health ( physically, Psychological. And mentally) and finally leading to death (Al emara,2001,2).
Stress refers to he degree of response of the individual to events and environmental changes in his daily life with their physiological effects such as headaches , backaches, and gastric ulcer that have different effect depending on the personality of the person and his psychological characteristics differences airing individuals ( Al emirs, zool,2 )
The aims:
- knowi
Bunium is one of the interested genus that grow in different region of Iraq, it is within the family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae), and the species within this family have a considerable fruit characteristics. The species that were chosen in this study are: B. brachyactis (Post) H. Wolff, B. caroides (Boiss.) Hausskn. Ex Bornm., B. chaerophylloides (Regel& Schmalh.) Drude, B. rectangulum Boiss. & Hausskn., B. verruculosum C.C.Towns. and B. avromanum (Boiss.& Hausskn) Drude., the study found that the fruits of these species have 5 protrusions different in size but all have the same number of vittae, but some are semiler in size and some are not, the number of vascular element are varied between these species, anatomical charact
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The study of the laptop computer table is one of the important studies at the present time due to the importance of electronic computers that are used in work sites and homes for very long hours, so one of the most important basics of caring for the comfort of the user lies in the design of the laptop table in different shapes and sizes and multiple functions in addition to calculating the measurements of the human body and the extent Its compatibility with the design and measurements of laptop computer tables by taking into account the calculations and measurements of the dimensions of the user's body of all ages and their consistency and use with the general measurements of the tables and the importance of research comes through the es
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Been investigating a Pfyrus antigen hepatitis pattern J and Virus-positive rubella viral hepatitis antibodies pattern J. declaration followed by the percentage rate-positive patients of measles Allmana antibodies