Background: preparation of root canals is an important step in root canal treatment. Mechanical instrumentation of root canals cause an irregular layer of debris, known as the smear layer. As a result, several studies reported that preferring the removal of the smear layer. Objective: To study the influence of the energy (100 mJ) of Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser at short pulse duration (60 μs) on smear layer removal of apical third after using Photon induced photoacoustic streaming technique. Materials and methods: Eighteen straight single-rooted mandibular premolars were used. The roots length were uniform to 14mm from the anatomic apex and instrumented using Protaper Gold Rotary NiTi file system to size 40 taper 0.06. Er,Cr:YSGG pulsed laser (waterlase iplus Biolase, CA, USA) 2780 nm was used at short pulse duration (60 μs, 5 Hz ,air and water off) delivered by MD/iplus Glass Tips (MZ6) 600 μm in diameter, length=6 mm, calibration factor= 1.00. Ultrasonic activator ENDO1 (Guilin Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co., Ltd.china) was used with Ultrasonic activator tip ED98 (25#, 2% taper, 18.5mm) (Guilin Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co., Ltd.china). The samples were arbitrarily divided into three groups (n=6) and used as follows: (A) conventional irrigation with 5 ml of 17 % EDTA, (B) passive ultrasonic irrigation with 5 ml of 17 % EDTA, (C) Er,Cr:YSGG induced photoacoustic streaming with 5 ml of 17 % EDTA. After final irrigation with normal saline and drying, the roots were painted with nail varnish externally, and 2% methylene blue dye injected into canal until the canal filled with dye. The tooth was splitted at the fourth millimeters from root apex with a diamond disc representing the apical third. Picture was taken by Professional Digital SLR camera (Nikon D7100, Nikon Corporation, Thailand) with 40X magnification. The dye penetration was measured by using analytical software (measure picture CAD-KAS Kessler Germany). ANOVA test was used to analyse repeated measure mean between tested concentration (5.25% NaOCL, 17% EDTA) and control. Data was expressed as mean±SD. LSD (Least Significant Difference) test was used to calculate the significant differences between tested mean. Results: The mean values of the percentage of dye penetration area in two experimental groups was higher than the control group, as the follow (20.79±1.15control, 34.5453±0.45 ultrasonic group, 85.9804±2.69 Er,Cr.YSGG+17%EDTA at 0.5 W). The Percentage of dye penetration in Er,Cr:YSGG laser induced photoacoustic streaming with 17% EDTA was significantly high (P value 0.001), followed by ultrasonic activated group, while control group result in less Percentage of dye penetration than both study groups. Conclusion: In this study, we concluded that Er,Cr:YSGG pulsed laser (0.5 W,5 Hz , air and water off) at short pulse duration (60 μs) with 17% EDTA using PIPS technique for activation of irrigant in endodontic treatment give better result than ultrasonic activation in smear layer removal
This paper is an attempt to foster creative performance of students in essay writing through using tips. Prewriting tips are a series of strategies ( outline in essay writing). These tips enable :::e Iraqi students to be aware of the process of writing as a guideline to what is expected from them as good essay writers. The study aims at: I .Finding out whether college students are aware of using these tips in fostering creativity performance in their essay writing? 2. To what extent can the application of these tips contribute in developing students' essay writing? To achieve these aims. 2 questionnaire and a test have been conducted and distributed on two parallel th
... Show MoreA digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. It can be represented as a raster (a grid of squares) and it is commonly estimated by utilizing remote sensing techniques, or from land surveying. In this research a 3D building of Baghdad university campus have been performed using DEM, where the easting, northing, and elevation of 400 locations have been obtained by field survey using global positioning system (GPS). The image of the investigated area has been extracted from QuickBird satellite sensor (with spatial resolution of 0.6 m). This image has been geo-referenced by selecting ground control points of the GPS. The rectification is running, using 1st order polynomial transformation.
... Show MoreAn ingrowing toenail is a common problem affecting mainly adolescents and young adults, with a male predominance of 3:1. The disorder generally occurs in big toes. It is painful and often chronic and it affects work and social activities. Most patients initially complain of pain and later discharge, infection and difficulty in walking occur. The Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of (10600nm) CO2 laser in the treatment of ingrowing toe nail. Patients, Materials & Methods: This study was done in laser medicine research clinics from July 2013 to the end of December 2013; 10 patients including 7(70%) males and 3 (30%) females with age ranging from 18 years to 70 years with mean age of 44 years o
... Show MoreBusiness organizations have faced many challenges in recent times, most important of which is information technology, because it is widely spread and easy to use. Its use has led to an increase in the amount of data that business organizations deal with an unprecedented manner. The amount of data available through the internet is a problem that many parties seek to find solutions for. Why is it available there in this huge amount randomly? Many expectations have revealed that in 2017, there will be devices connected to the internet estimated at three times the population of the Earth, and in 2015 more than one and a half billion gigabytes of data was transferred every minute globally. Thus, the so-called data mining emerged as a
... Show MoreA .technology analysis image using crops agricultural of grading and sorting the test to conducted was experiment The device coupling the of sensor a with camera a and 75 * 75 * 50 dimensions with shape cube studio made-factory locally the study to studio the in taken were photos and ,)blue-green - red (lighting triple with equipped was studio The .used were neural artificial and technology processing image using maturity and quality ,damage of fruits the of characteristics external value the quality 0.92062, of was value regression the damage predict to used was network neural artificial The .network the using scheme regression a of means by 0.98654 of was regression the of maturity and 0.97981 of was regression the of .algorithm Marr
... Show MoreGroupwise non-rigid image alignment is a difficult non-linear optimization problem involving many parameters and often large datasets. Previous methods have explored various metrics and optimization strategies. Good results have been previously achieved with simple metrics, requiring complex optimization, often with many unintuitive parameters that require careful tuning for each dataset. In this chapter, the problem is restructured to use a simpler, iterative optimization algorithm, with very few free parameters. The warps are refined using an iterative Levenberg-Marquardt minimization to the mean, based on updating the locations of a small number of points and incorporating a stiffness constraint. This optimization approach is eff
... Show MoreIntroduction: Although soap industry is known from hundreds of years, the development accompanied with this industry was little. The development implied the mechanical equipment and the additive materials necessary to produce soap with the best specifications of shape, physical and chemical properties. Objectives: This research studies the use of vacuum reactive distillation VRD technique for soap production. Methods: Olein and Palmitin in the ratio of 3 to 1 were mixed in a flask with NaOH solution in stoichiometric amount under different vacuum pressures from -0.35 to -0.5 bar. Total conversion was reached by using the VRD technique. The soap produced by the VRD method was compared with soap prepared by the reaction - only method which
... Show More<span>Dust is a common cause of health risks and also a cause of climate change, one of the most threatening problems to humans. In the recent decade, climate change in Iraq, typified by increased droughts and deserts, has generated numerous environmental issues. This study forecasts dust in five central Iraqi districts using machine learning and five regression algorithm supervised learning system framework. It was assessed using an Iraqi meteorological organization and seismology (IMOS) dataset. Simulation results show that the gradient boosting regressor (GBR) has a mean square error of 8.345 and a total accuracy ratio of 91.65%. Moreover, the results show that the decision tree (DT), where the mean square error is 8.965, c
... Show MoreNurse scheduling problem is one of combinatorial optimization problems and it is one of NP-Hard problems which is difficult to be solved as optimal solution. In this paper, we had created an proposed algorithm which it is hybrid simulated annealing algorithm to solve nurse scheduling problem, developed the simulated annealing algorithm and Genetic algorithm. We can note that the proposed algorithm (Hybrid simulated Annealing Algorithm(GS-h)) is the best method among other methods which it is used in this paper because it satisfied minimum average of the total cost and maximum number of Solved , Best and Optimal problems. So we can note that the ratios of the optimal solution are 77% for the proposed algorithm(GS-h), 28.75% for Si
... Show MoreFerritin is a key organizer of protected deregulation, particularly below risky hyperferritinemia, by straight immune-suppressive and pro-inflammatory things. , We conclude that there is a significant association between levels of ferritin and the harshness of COVID-19. In this paper we introduce a semi- parametric method for prediction by making a combination between NN and regression models. So, two methodologies are adopted, Neural Network (NN) and regression model in design the model; the data were collected from مستشفى دار التمريض الخاص for period 11/7/2021- 23/7/2021, we have 100 person, With COVID 12 Female & 38 Male out of 50, while 26 Female & 24 Male non COVID out of 50. The input variables of the NN m
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