Vegetation monitoring is considered an important application in remote sensing task due to variation of vegetation types and their distribution. The vegetation concentration around the Earth is increase in 5% in 2000 according to NASA monitoring. This increase is due to the Indian vegetable programs. In this research, the vegetation monitoring in Baghdad city was done using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for temporal Landsat satellite images (Landsat 5 TM& Landsat 8 OIL). These images had been used and utilize in different times during the period from 2000, 2010, 2015 & 2017. The outcomes of the study demonstrate that a change in the vegetation Cover (VC) in Baghdad city. (NDVI) generally shows a

    With the explosive growth of data, it has become very difficult for a person to process the data and find the right information from it. So, to discover the right information from the colossal amount of data that is available online, we need information filtering systems. Recommendation systems (RS) help users find the most interesting information among the options that are available. Ratings given by the users play a vital role in determining the purposes of recommendations. Earlier, researchers used a user’s rating history to predict unknown ratings, but recently a user’s review has gained a lot of attention as it contains a lot of relevant information about a user’s decision. The proposed system makes an attempt to deal w

In every system of security, to keep important data confidential, we need a high degree of protection. Steganography can be defined as a way of sending confidential texts through a secure medium of communications as well as protecting the information during the process of transmission. Steganography is a technology that is used to protect users' security and privacy. Communication is majorly achieved using a network through SMS, e-mail, and so on. The presented work suggested a technology of text hiding for protecting secret texts with Unicode characters. The similarities of glyphs  provided invisibility and increased the hiding capacity. In conclusion, the proposed method succeeded in securing confidential data and achieving high p

     In the current study, the emission spectra generated from clove were measured under normal atmospheric pressure with different laser energies. Clove is used as a source of essential oil in herbal medicine, in particular as a dynamic analgesic oil in dental and other diseases. For aromatherapy, Antiseptic, antiviral, and antimicrobial agents are also packaged with cloves. Compounds that reduce inflammation tend to battle sore throats, cold, and cough as they display so many advantages. The measured spectrum reveals distinctive lines of clove’s chemical elements. X-ray fluorescent (XRF) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) were used to measure the spectrum generated or absorbed by detecting the presence of va

       Drought is one of the most natural hazards that may harm human life and property under different weather and environmental conditions. This study used remote sensing data to monitor agricultural and meteorological drought in Babel Governorate. Drought maps were drawn using Landsat 8 images based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for 2015, 2018, and 2021. The meteorological drought was assessed using a standardized precipitation index (SPI 12) for the same years. The results showed that the SPI-12 indicated near-normal drought types in 2015 and 2018, whereas SPI values showed a lower value in 2021. Two drought categories were identified which were moderate drought and severe drought. The NDVI results showed tha

A numerical algorithm for solving linear and non-linear fractional differential equations is proposed based on the Bees algorithm and Chebyshev polynomials. The proposed algorithm was applied to a set of numerical examples. Faster results are obtained compared to the wavelet methods.

Applications of remote sensing are important in improving potato production through the broader adoption of precision agriculture. This technology could be useful in decreasing the potential contamination of soil and water due to the over-fertilization of agriculture crops. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of active sensors (Crop Circle™, Holland Scientific, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA and GreenSeeker™, Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and passive sensors (multispectral imaging with Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs)) to predict total potato yield and phosphorus (P) uptake. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and six P treatments, ranging from 0 to 280 kg P ha−1, as

Palm vein recognition is a one of the most efficient biometric technologies, each individual can be identified through its veins unique characteristics, palm vein acquisition techniques is either contact based or contactless based, as the individual's hand contact or not the peg of the palm imaging device, the needs a contactless palm vein system in modern applications rise tow problems, the pose variations (rotation, scaling and translation transformations) since the imaging device cannot aligned correctly with the surface of the palm, and a delay of matching process especially for large systems, trying to solve these problems. This paper proposed a pose invariant identification system for contactless palm vein which include three main