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Pulsed Er,Cr:YSGG Laser For Surface Modification of Dental Zerconia Ceramic
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Background: Surface treatment of machined dental zirconia for enhancement of the adhesion to resin cement, using Er,Cr:YSGG  Laser. Materials and Methods: Total number of 42 zirconia disc specimens (9 mm diameter, and 2 mm height) was sintered according to the manufacturer instruction. They are divided into six groups, each group of seven samples. Laser groups (Experiment parameters) were depend on laser total irradiation time, pulse duration, and power. Group (A): 20 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (B): 30 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (C): 40 sec., 60 µs pulse duration. Group (D): 20 sec., 700 µs pulse duration. Group (E): 30 sec., 700 µs pulse duration, with different powers used (1, 1.50, 2, 2.50, 3, 3.50, 4) W. And finally group (N): untreated samples representing the control group. Luting cement was applied to laser treated zirconia sample’s surfaces and cured by light for 40 s. Then all sample surfaces were examined under a stereo microscope, for determining the depth mean values of the created pulse holes, for each specimen. The bond between the laser treated zirconia surfaces and the applied resin cement, were examined for all samples by using a universal testing machine, for determination of the shear bond strength values. Six additional specimens: one untreated sample and five other samples that were laser irradiated with the parameters that exhibited the highest shear bond strength values in each treated group, were examined for their average surface roughness by using an atomic force microscope. Another similar six specimens were also examined for their surface morphology, by using a scanning electron microscope. Both surface examination methods were performed by specialized operators. The bond failure modes were also examined by an optical microscope. Results obtained from shear bond strength test and laser pulse depth examination were statistically analyzed. Results: There was significant differences in the shear bond strength values, indicating a clear increase in zirconia-resin cement bonding, especially in group B (30 s, 60 µs, 4W), reaching  (8.63 Mpa). Whereas, the control group had (4.49 Mpa), and an enhanced zirconia surface average roughness, that group E (30 s, 700 µs, 3.5 W) specimen had the highest value (14.5nm), among the six examined specimens. While the control specimen had the least value examined which is (3.05nm). Conclusion: A relation between the cement bonding efficiency and the laser treated zirconia surface roughness, laser pulse depths was detected. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser pulse duration and  power is  crucial parameters in the surface roughness enhancement of the zirconia ceramic.

 

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Use of Thermostone Waste Aggregates for Internal Curing of Reactive Powder Concrete
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Abstract<p>The concrete need curing for cement hydration that is a chemical reaction in each step require water supply throughout the time period. The traditional concrete cured by external method that prevents the concrete surface dry so that keeping the concrete mixture wet and warm. The internal curing was adopted in normal and high strength concrete such as reactive powder concrete. In present paper, experimental approach is to study the mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete cured internally with thermostone material. The materials that adopted to evaluate and find out the influences of the internal curing on the mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete is focused with d</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Center of Urban and Regional Planning for postgraduate Studies - University of Baghdad
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Project deal with the study of the suitability of the planning standards of the select sites for sports facilities for the holy city of Karbala and the extent of convergence and divergence between these standards and points of strength and weakness in each of these standards.

It was found that there was a lack of the   role given to the sports as a kind of luxury does not deserve to spend money and efforts, and was then incorporated with a lot of entertainment services by planners.

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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Strong Convergence of Iteration Processes for Infinite Family of General Extended Mappings
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Publication Date
Sat Nov 11 2023
Journal Name
مجلة كلية الامام الاعظم
Provisions for inheritance of agricultural lands (transfer of the right to dispose of)
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Agricultural lands have great importance in people's lives, and their exploitation has a great impact on strengthening the national economy. Therefore, countries have given great importance to this sector, and because of the importance of this sector, the state has given large areas of these lands to the farmers to invest in agriculture, and among these farmers are those who died and left behind children who took up crafts. Agriculture, for fear that these agricultural lands would be abandoned and turned into waste lands, a land system was introduced called (regular distribu- tion), which corresponds to (legitimate inheritance). Under this system, these lands were trans- ferred to the children of farmers who died so that the process of inve

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of the psychological domain of the quality of life for infertile men
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Abstract A descriptive correlation study which was utilizing an assessment approach, was carried out from November 19th, 2002 through April 30, 2004 in order to assess the psychosocial domain of the quality of life for the infertile men. A purposive sample of (200) men with infertility was selected from the High Institute for Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment and Alsamaraee Hospital in Baghdad city. A questionnaire was adoapted and developed of the World Health Organization quality of life scale for the purpose of the study. The questionnaire (WHOQOL) (1998) Reliability and validity of the questionnair

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 03 2020
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Effect of using flat hierarchical method on some aspects of muscular strength and straight serve skill for nascent tennis players
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The researcher focused on the importance of the physical abilities of the tennis game, as this game is one of the games that are characterized by its specificity in performance as this game is characterized by continuous movement and dealing with different elements, so this game requires the development of muscle strength, which plays an important role in Performance skills in the game of tennis. There are several methods to develop strength, including flat hierarchical technique, which is one of the most common forms of training in the development of muscle strength.     As for the research problem, the researcher found a method that has an effect on the development of force. Therefore, the researcher tried to diversify a

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 25 2019
Journal Name
Separation Science And Technology
Green synthesis of graphene-coated sand (GCS) using low-grade dates for evaluation and modeling of the pH-dependent permeable barrier for remediation of groundwater contaminated with copper
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Degree of Availability of Moral Values in the Arabic Language Textbook (Al-Mu’nes) For Grades Eleven and Twelve For Post-Basic Education in The Sultanate of Oman
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          The current study aimed to reveal the moral values available in the Arabic language textbook (Al-Mu’nes) for   grades eleven and twelve for post-basic education in the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using the sentence as measuring unit in the analysis process. The five fields of moral values and their subcategories values represented the categories of the analysis. Iterations of values and the percentages of iteration were calculated in those textbooks. Moreover and the analysis and stability of the process were confirmed.

         After referring to previous studies, it was possible to de

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 05 2004
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The evaluate of usage educational method for jump shooting and it effect on speed strength in basketball for specialized students in College Sport of Dayla University
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The research aim to the usage educational method for jump shooting and it effect on speed strength in basketball for the specialist students in College Sport of Dayla University, which used the following statistic treatment (The T.test for compatible specimens), so after statistic treatment which appears theres a tow moral differences in speed strength and jump shooting tests results to (legs & arms) for the before and after tests, and after that the conclusions we positive and the second the special drills effect immaterial speed strength to legs and arms, so the tow researches recommended to looking after the best for educational methods that used in our sport colleges in Iraq.

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 04 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Study the optimum conditions for production of inulunase from isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus AY2.: Study the optimum conditions for production of inulunase from isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus AY2.
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Results showed that the optimum conditions for production of inulunase from isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus AY2 by submerged culture could be achieved by using inulin as carbon source at a concentration of 2% with mixture of yeast extract and ammonium sulphate in a ratio of 1:1 in a concentration of 1% at initial pH 5.5 after incubation for 42 hours at 30ºC.

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