Preferred Language
Articles
/
ijl-145
Bending Effect on the Single Mode Optical Fibers
...Show More Authors

Bending effects on the transmission of optical signal are investigated on a single mode
optical fiber (SMOF) of 10 m length, core radius of 5 μm and optical refractive index difference
0.003. The bending radii (R) were between 0.08 and 0.0015 m. A great decrease in the amplitude is
shown for radii below 0.01 m. Sudden break down occurs for radii less than 0.0015 m. Birefringence
(B) is difficult to measure for long fibers. Meanwhile, B was found by comparing with calibrated
fiber of the same properties but of length of 0.075 m. The results show an increase in propagation
constant (Δβ) and the decrease in beat length (Lb), and show that bending decreases the critical radius
of curvature (Rc) related to B. The changes induced on the initial phase of the signal are shown for
bending curvatures of radii 0.06, 0.03 and 0.005 m. The linear phase retardation is found to increase
more rapidly for bends of R< 0.05 m. The degree of polarization decreases smoothly for bends of
R>0.01m. Below this curvature, the fluctuation and great instability in the polarization- state of the
output signal are easily detected. All these features are very important in using SMOF in sensitive
optical devices especially in long distance fiber communications.

View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Tue May 16 2023
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The Chinese vision of US rapprochement with Taiwan in the administration of President Joe Biden
...Show More Authors

The recent escalation in Southeast Asia showed that the region is on the verge of political and economic crises through the United States and its allies imposing economic sanctions against China, and a military escalation that may begin with China’s invasion of Taiwan, especially since two-thirds of the American forces in the world are located in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea.

The United States claims that it is ready to defend the island of Taiwan in the event of the start of Chinese military operations, but the reality shows that the United States supports Taiwan militarily by equipping it with modern weapons to defend itself. Supporting Taiwan economically by engaging it in trade agreements with US allies in the r

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Feb 28 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of educational institutions and regulatory bodies to reduce the financial and administrative corruption
...Show More Authors

This research seeks to clarify the regulatory and educational role of the regulatory and educational institutions in reducing the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption as a dangerous phenomenon of the communities, as it touched search kinds of financial and administrative corruption and the causes and effects, as well as to the role of educational institutions in reducing this phenomenon, and finally between experiments some SAIs and accounting Arab and foreign countries on how to reduce the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption.The research aims to several targets which shed light on the role of educational and supervisory institutions in reducing corruption, a statement origins and evolution of and justi

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
A proposed program to audit the performance of the hotel sector under crises (Applied Research)
...Show More Authors

Abstract:

        The research sought to identify the crises that occurred during the research period and their reflection on the performance of the hotel Research sample as well as to identify the reality of auditing the hotel Research sample and the preparation of a performance audit program can be adopted in auditing the performance of hotels in light of crises, and the problem of the research lies in the lack of a program to audit the performance of hotels that takes into account the crises experienced by the hotel sector, The research was based on solving its problems on three hypotheses, the first is that the performance audit in light of the Covid-19 pand

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Apr 04 2025
Journal Name
European Journal Of Dentistry
The Effectiveness of Conventional and Advanced Aligning Archwires: The Insights of Two Randomized Clinical Trials
...Show More Authors
Abstract<p> Objectives This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of four aligning archwires: Superelastic Nickel-Titanium (Superelastic-NiTi), SmartArch, Copper-Nickel-Titanium (Cu-NiTi), and Speed Tubular coaxial-Nickel-Titanium (Tubular coaxial-NiTi), regarding the alignment efficiency, associated perception of pain, and possibility of inducing root resorption.</p><p> Materials and Methods This study includes two randomized clinical trials run in parallel. Patients with 5 to 9 mm of mandibular anterior teeth crowding according to Little's irregularity index (LII) who needed fixed orthodontic appliances without extraction were randomly assigned to four groups of</p> ... Show More
View Publication
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Nursing Education Scholarship
Validity and Reliability of the Arabic Version of the Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised Scale
...Show More Authors
Abstract<sec id="j_ijnes-2019-0074_s_001a_w2aab3b7c96b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa"><title>Background

Incivility in nursing education can negatively affect the academic achievement. As there is no tool in Arabic to assess incivility among nursing students, there is a need for a valid and reliable tool.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Incivility in Nursing Education- Revised (INE-R) survey.

Method

Th

... Show More
View Publication
Scopus (9)
Crossref (8)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Iklīl For Humanities Studies
The Decline of Language Loyalty in the Age of Audiovisual Nearness: A Socio-linguistic Approach
...Show More Authors

This article investigates the decline of language loyalty in the age of audiovisual nearness. It is a socio-linguistic review of previous literature related to language disloyalty. It reviews the current theoretical efforts on the impact of audiovisual nearness created by social media and language loyalty. The descriptive design is used. The argument behind this review is that the audiovisual nearness provided by social media negatively affects language loyalty. This article concludes that the current theoretical efforts have paid much attention to the relationship between the audiovisual nearness and language loyalty. Such efforts have highlighted the fact that the social media platforms have provided unprecedented nearness that provoke in

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
The importance of Kurdish songs and games in building the child's personality: كونا قادر محمد
...Show More Authors

  The popular Kurdish songs and games for children are among the simplest types that can be close to the child’s interest, because we estimate that this segment is limited by its meanings and goals charged with competition and the fall of its innate biological energies, in the early years of the stages of development and growth of human mental, psychological, and muscular skills, Passionate about knowing and discovering the general decree of life, and getting acquainted with the logical rulings that surround his new law, but instinctively it approaches everything that is simple in terms of understanding and palatability, as these games and songs are simple and easy in their melodic elements and elegance Conscious and kinetic are a

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Processes directing the scenography space in the Iraqi theatrical show Shakespeare texts as a model
...Show More Authors

Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
مجلة بحوث
The role of university in promoting the culture of volunteering among students (Mustansiriya University Model)
...Show More Authors

Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the role played by the university in reinforcing the culture of voluntary work in college students and sequencing these roles according to their priority. To achieve this aim, the researcher used the descriptive approach. After being informed of the literature background and of the previous studies related to the core aim of this recent study, the researcher has built up a questionnaire of (20) items investigating the role of university in reinforcing the culture of voluntary work in the college students. The standardized features of the questionnaire have been checked for the purpose of the questionnaire validity (virtual and constructive validity) and stability (reconstruction and Cronbach's A

... Show More
View Publication
Publication Date
Sun Jan 13 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Theoretical study of the photons rate production in the Quark-Gluon interaction at Compton scattering
...Show More Authors

View Publication Preview PDF
Crossref