This paper provides an attempt for modeling rate of penetration (ROP) for an Iraqi oil field with aid of mud logging data. Data of Umm Radhuma formation was selected for this modeling. These data include weight on bit, rotary speed, flow rate and mud density. A statistical approach was applied on these data for improving rate of penetration modeling. As result, an empirical linear ROP model has been developed with good fitness when compared with actual data. Also, a nonlinear regression analysis of different forms was attempted, and the results showed that the power model has good predicting capability with respect to other forms.

Nurse scheduling problem is one of combinatorial optimization problems and it is one of NP-Hard problems which is difficult to be solved as optimal solution. In this paper, we had created an proposed algorithm which it is hybrid simulated annealing algorithm to solve nurse scheduling problem, developed the simulated annealing algorithm and Genetic algorithm. We can note that the proposed algorithm (Hybrid simulated Annealing Algorithm(GS-h)) is the best method among other methods which it is used in this paper because it satisfied minimum average of the total cost and maximum number of Solved , Best and Optimal problems. So we can note that the ratios of the optimal solution are 77% for the proposed algorithm(GS-h), 28.75% for Si

We report on using a CO₂ (10.6 µm) laser to debond the lithium disilicate veneers. Sixty-four sound human premolar teeth and 64 veneer specimens were used in the study. The zigzag movement via CO₂ laser handpiece along with an air-cooled jet to prevent temperature elevation above the necrosis temperature limit (5.5 C°) was applied. The optimal deboning irradiation time was super-fast, at about 5 seconds at 3 Watt CO₂ laser power. It is 20 times less than any previously published work for veneers debonding. The enamel beneath the debonded veneers has been assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and shear stress technique as criteria for the easiness of debonding. The

An adaptive nonlinear neural controller to reduce the nonlinear flutter in 2-D wing is proposed in the paper. The nonlinearities in the system come from the quasi steady aerodynamic model and torsional spring in pitch direction. Time domain simulations are used to examine the dynamic aero elastic instabilities of the system (e.g. the onset of flutter and limit cycle oscillation, LCO). The structure of the controller consists of two models :the modified Elman neural network (MENN) and the feed forward multi-layer Perceptron (MLP). The MENN model is trained with off-line and on-line stages to guarantee that the outputs of the model accurately represent the plunge and pitch motion of the wing and this neural model acts as the identifier. Th

CO2 laser (10.6 μm) is the most often used laser in the oral surgery due to its high absorption by water of the oral tissues. Several benefits of the use of CO2 laser have been reported for oral surgical procedures. This study aims to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser on soft and hard oral tissues (in vitro study). This study was done on fresh tissues from sheep’s head. CO2Surgical Laser with different operation modes was used; 0.2 mm spot size using different laser parameters on the tongue, and bone making holes, incisions and cutting. The depths and widths of holes and incisions were measured using endodontic file under magnification. The speed of incisions was calculated and the required time for cutting was measured using sport clo

The study aimed to evaluate educational programs efficiency in applying the best educational practices to educate students from the dangers of indecent behaviors, in line with higher education policy and the appropriateness of educational program dimensions to spread awareness among students to not fall into the indecent behaviors clutches. The study adopted the inductive exploratory approach through structural equation modeling and the descriptive analysis of the collected data from randomly selected sample (n=385) from educational academics at Northern Border University in the Saudi Arabia using a specially designed survey tool to meet study purposes to evaluate dimensions of teaching methods, evaluation tools, training courses, course

A Mini-TEA CO2 laser system was designed and operated to obtain a pulse at 10.6 μm. Output energy of 30 mJ, with preionization pins, and pulse duration of 100ns were obtained. While an output energy of 6mJ and pulse duration of 100 ns in absence of pre-ionization were obtained. The system was operated with Ernest profile main-discharge electrodes. Dependencies of supply voltage and output laser energy on the pressure inside laser cavity were investigated as well as dependencies of supply voltage and output energy on the main capacitor(8CO2 : 8N2 : 82He :2CO). Efficiency of was calculated to be 4.4%.

  The current study presents the simulative study and evaluation of MANET mobility models over UDP traffic pattern to determine the effects of this traffic pattern on mobility models in MANET which is implemented in NS-2.35 according to various performance metri (Throughput, AED (Average End-2-end Delay), drop packets, NRL (Normalize Routing Load) and PDF (Packet Delivery Fraction)) with various parameters such as different velocities, different environment areas, different number of nodes,  different traffic rates, different traffic sources, different pause times and different simulation times .  A routing protocol.…was exploited AODV(Adhoc On demand Distance Vector) and RWP (Random Waypoint), GMM (Gauss Markov Model), RPGM (Refere