Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), Natural gas (NG) and hydrogen were used to operate spark ignition internal combustion engine Ricardo E6, to compare NOx emissions emitted from the engine, with that emitted from engine fueled with gasoline as a fuel.

      The study was done when engine operated at HUCR for gasoline, compared with its operation at HUCR for each fuel. Compression ratio, equivalence ratio and spark timing were studied at constant speed 25rps.

The results appeared that NOx concentrations will be at maximum value in the lean side near the stoichiometric ratio, and reduced with moving away from this ratio for mixture at both s

The digital camera which contain light unit inside it is useful with low illumination but not for high. For different intensity; the quality of the image will not stay good but it will have dark or low intensity so we can not change the contrast and the intensity in order to increase the losses information in the bright and the dark regions. . In this search we study the regular illumination on the images using the tungsten light by changing the intensities. The result appears that the tungsten light gives nearly far intensity for the three color bands(RGB) and the illuminated band(L).the result depend on the statistical properties which represented by the voltage ,power and intensities and the effect of this parameter on the digital

Digital tampering identification, which detects picture modification, is a significant area of image analysis studies. This area has grown with time with exceptional precision employing machine learning and deep learning-based strategies during the last five years. Synthesis and reinforcement-based learning techniques must now evolve to keep with the research. However, before doing any experimentation, a scientist must first comprehend the current state of the art in that domain. Diverse paths, associated outcomes, and analysis lay the groundwork for successful experimentation and superior results. Before starting with experiments, universal image forensics approaches must be thoroughly researched. As a result, this review of variou

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are important information for verifying the view of the patient on a particular drug. Regular user comments and reviews have been considered during the data collection process to extract ADR mentions, when the user reported a side effect after taking a specific medication. In the literature, most researchers focused on machine learning techniques to detect ADR. These methods train the classification model using annotated medical review data. Yet, there are still many challenging issues that face ADR extraction, especially the accuracy of detection. The main aim of this study is to propose LSA with ANN classifiers for ADR detection. The findings show the effectiveness of utilizing LSA with ANN in extracting AD

    In this paper a method  to determine whether an image is forged (spliced) or not is presented. The proposed method is based on  a classification model to determine the authenticity of a tested image. Image splicing causes many sharp edges (high frequencies) and discontinuities to appear in the spliced image. Capturing these high frequencies in the wavelet domain rather than in the spatial domain is investigated in this paper. Correlation between high-frequency sub-bands coefficients of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is also described using co-occurrence matrix. This matrix was an input feature vector to a classifier. The best accuracy of 92.79% and 94.56% on Casia v1.0 and Casia v2.0 datasets respectively was achieved. This pe

      In this study, the plasma formed by the preparation of Se and Tin (Sn) using a Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm in air, which was then studied using the technique of optical emission spectrum, was presented (OES).The laser-induced plasma parameters such an electron temperature (Te) were identified using two-ratio methods, using Stark broadening methods to determine the density of electrons (n_e). According to the findings, there is a correlation between the amount of laser energy that is applied and the increase in the emission intensity of the spectral lines. In the case of Se plasma, an increase in laser energy causes a rise in the temperature of the electrons. While increasing the temperature of the elec

The laser micro-cutting process is the most widely commonly applied machining process which can be applied to practically all metallic and non-metallic materials. While this had challenges in cutting quality criteria such as geometrical precision, surface quality and numerous others. This article investigates the laser micro-cutting of PEEK composite material using nano-fiber laser, due to their significant importunity and efficiency of laser in various manufacturing processes. Design of experiential tool based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Central Composite Design (CCD) used to generate the statistical model. This method was employed to analysis the influence of parameters including laser speed,