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Study in Kinetics of Saponification Reaction of Diethyl Adipate with Sodium Hydroxide Solution under Reactive Distillation
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This research presents a new study in kinetics under reactive distillation by using consecutive two – step reaction : the saponification reaction of diethyl adipate with sodium hydroxide solution . The distillation process takes the role of withdrawing the intermediate product (sodium monoethyladipate SMA) which otherwise converts to the final product of low purity.The effect of three parameters were studied through a design of experiments applying 23 factorial design. These parameters were : the mole ratio of DA to NaOH solution (0.1 and 1) , NaOH solution concentration (3 N and 8 N) , and batch time (1.5 hr. and 3.5 hr.) . The conversion of DA to sodium monoethyladipate(SMA)(intermediate product) was the effect of these parameters which was detected .The results showed that increasing mole ratio of DA to NaOHsolution increases the conversionto a maximum value within the range of study.The effect of NaOH solution concentration decreases the conversion to a specified value within the range of study . The effect of batch time on conversion was decreasing the conversion to a specified value within the range of study . The maximum attainable conversion within the studied range of parameters was  eighteen fold of thebase case.Reaction rate constant k and the order of reaction n of first reaction weredetrminedusing the differential method . The study attempted to determine n and k under the maximum conversion condition obtained in this system which corresponds to : feed mole ratio of diethyl adipateDA to NaOH solution of 0.3,NaOH solution concentration of3 Nandtime of1.5 hr.The study showed that the reaction order was 1.5and reaction rate constant was 0.8m3/kmol.s at a temperature of 100

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Evaluation of Systemic C-reactive Protein as a Systemic Inflammatory Marker in the Blood for Patients Undergoing Minor Oral Surgical Procedures
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Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that its plasma levels increase after trauma or surgery so it is used as an indicator for the level of inflammation after surgery. The objective of this study is to investigate pre- and post-operative levels of CRP in three types of oral surgical interventions (Apicoectomy, Impaction, and Impacted teeth exposure). Materials and Methods: A total number of (48) healthy individuals aged (20-60) years who needed oral surgical intervention for either (removal of impacted third molars, exposure of an impacted canine, or Apicoectomy). A 4ml venous blood was obtained from each patient at two occasions (pre-operatively at the day of operation and post-operatively after 48 hours), then ce

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Polyvinyl Alcohol – Sodium Nitrite Water Soluble Composite as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Simulated Cooling Water
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The inhibitive action of polyvinyl alcohol –sodium nitrite (PVASN) composite on the corrosion of mild steel in simulated cooling water (SCW) has been investigated by weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization. The effect of composite concentration (PVA/SN) , pH, and exposure time on corrosion rate of mild steel were verified using 2 levels factorial design and surface response analysis through weight loss approach, while the electrochemical measurements were used to study the behavior of mild steel in (SCW) with pH between 6 and 8 and in absence and presence of (PVA) in solution containing different concentration of NaNO2. It was verified that all three main variables studied were statistically significant while their interaction is

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Structures
Experimental and numerical study on wrapping concrete cylinders post heating and cooling under preload using CFRP fabrics
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This paper reports test results and describes a numerical investigation of the effectiveness of using carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics for strengthening concrete cylinders that have been undamaged and damaged due to heating under preload. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether there is any difference in the performance of CFRP-wrapped cylinders if the wrapping is done under preload, and those for which neither heating, cooling nor wrapping was done under preload. The cylinders were exposed to 30% of maximum load at ambient temperature during heating and cooling before being wrapped under preload. Of 18 Ø 100 × 200 mm identical cylinders, 6 were left as control samples without heating, 12 were exposed t

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 29 2024
Journal Name
Proceedings Of The International Conference On Research Advances In Engineering And Technology - Itechcet 2022
Liquefaction potential effect in Makhool Earth dam under seismic impact
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This study is directed at investigating the liquefaction potential within earth dams using numerical modelling by two-dimensional finite element analyses method for considering the Makhool earth dam on the Tigris River in Iraq. The effect of peak ground acceleration of 0.02g, 0.04g, 0.06g, and 0.08g is viewed for a shell, and the crest is presented for all scaled earthquake duration 25 s, 50 s, 75 s, and 100 s. The current study program comprises selecting a representative history point within the Makhool earth dam as a case study. Many points were allocated at different locations within the shell and crest to observe the fluctuation in the factor of safety against liquefaction. The seepage analysis results viewed graphically for the operat

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 02 2023
Journal Name
المجلة السياسية والدولية
Taiwan's Position in US-China Relations Under President Joseph Biden
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The international standing has an impact on the strategic importance of the country in its relations with other regional and international countries. The strategic position of Taiwan has an impact on the US-Chinese relations, as it is one of the most important issues that raise dispute between the two countries. The while the Chinese consider Taiwan is an ancient legacy of their republic, and an integral part of it, the Americans consider it as an area linking the U.S. to the Asia-Pacific region, through which it intends to help its allies (Japan and South Korea). Moreover, Taiwan has huge economic importance as it is one of the largest manufacturers of electronic chips and semiconductors. This fact represents one of the most important issu

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 27 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Existence and Uniqueness of The Solution of Nonlinear Volterra Fuzzy Integral Equations
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 In this paper, we proved the existence and uniqueness of the solution of nonlinear Volterra fuzzy integral equations of the second kind.
 

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
International Journal Of Advanced Research
ON STABILITY AND THE BOUNDEDNESS OF THE ZERO SOLUTION OF FIFTH ORDER
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This paper is illustrates the sufficient conditions of the uniformly asymptotically stable and the bounded of the zero solution of fifth order nonlinear differential equation with a variable delay τ(t)

Publication Date
Mon May 15 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al- Haitham J. For Pure & Appl. Sci.
Conductometric Studies of Aqueous Solution of Thymine and Adenosine At Different Temperatures
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Molar conductivity of different concentrations of thymine and adenosine in water , sodium acetate and ammonium chloride solution at different temperatures , 283. 15-323.15 K has been determined from direct conductivity measurements , examination of aqueous mixture of thymine and adenosine with Onsager equation reveal deviation from linearity at high concentration .This deviation was explained in term of molecular interaction . Ostwald dilution law also examined with the above mixtures lead to calculation of limiting molar conductivities and dissociation constants of both nucleic acid in water , sodium acetate and ammonium chloride. The agreement between the values obtained for Onsager equa

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Publication Date
Mon May 15 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Conductometric Studies of Aqueous Solution of Thymine and Adenosine At Different Temperatures
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  Molar conductivity of different concentrations of thymine and adenosine in water , sodium acetate and ammonium chloride solution at different temperatures , 283. 15-323.15  K has been determined from direct conductivity measurements , examination of aqueous mixture of thymine and adenosine with Onsager equation reveal deviation from linearity at high concentration .This deviation was explained in term of molecular interaction . Ostwald dilution law also examined with the above mixtures lead to calculation of limiting molar conductivities and dissociation constants of both  nucleic acid in water , sodium acetate and ammonium chloride. The agreement between the values obtained for Onsager equation and Ostwald law was reaso

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Variation of non-diatomic algae in a martyr monument lake under different climate factors
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Abstract<p>The current study was conducted in the environment of the Martyr Monument Lake in the city center of Baghdad during 2019 to monitor the impact of climatic conditions such as drought, water shortage, high temperatures in the environment of the city and the lack of water flow during the years 2015 to 2018 and their effects on some of the physical and chemical factors of water and the dynamics of the phytoplankton community in the lake environment. Heterogeneity of some studied environmental factors, including air and water temperature, permeability, water depth, pH, DO, BOD5, nutrients, nitrate, NO3, and phosphates were found. The results showed the effect of climate change and the pres</p> ... Show More
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