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A Review of the Electrical Submersible Pump Development Chronology
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The electric submersible pump, also known as ESP, is a highly effective artificial lift method widely used in the oil industry due to its ability to deliver higher production rates compared to other artificial lift methods. In principle, ESP is a multistage centrifugal pump that converts kinetic energy into dynamic hydraulic pressure necessary to lift fluids at a higher rate with lower bottomhole pressure, especially in oil wells under certain bottomhole condition fluid, and reservoir characteristics. However, several factors and challenges can complicate the completion and optimum development of ESP deployed wells, which need to be addressed to optimize its performance by maximizing efficiency and minimizing costs and uncertainties. To analyze the performance of ESP deployed wells, the objective function must include various factors associated with fluids, reservoir inflow and outflow characteristics, and pump parameters. In particular, the inflow and outflow parameters include well configuration, and types of completion string (e.g. tubing sizes, and download completion hardware) while reservoir and fluid parameters include pressure, temperature, and PVT properties. Pump parameters include gas vacuum fraction, electrical and mechanical constraints, power requirements, cable requirements, downhole conditions, etc. Despite these challenges, ESPs' importance and efficiency necessitate an in-depth understanding of its origins and evolution over time, as well as the difficulties encountered in the oil industry. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of ESP's origin and development, including all prior studies that have influenced optimum development. The literature review is divided into four main sections: experimental investigations, numerical simulation studies, mechanical modeling, and in-depth studies on production optimization. By providing an in-depth analysis of previous work in each area, this paper aims to contribute to ongoing efforts to enhance ESPs' performance and efficiency in the oil industry.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 12 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of The Iraqia University
Conflict of Identities Among Immigrants: A Study of Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy and Hassan Blasim’s Nightmares of Carlos Fuentes صراع الهويات بين المهاجرين: دراسة في قصة لوسي لجامايكا كينكايد وقصة حسن بلاسم كوابيس كارلوس فوينتس
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The struggle between two identities is a crucial subject everywhere. Some people travel abroad in quest of a new identity after struggling at home. People migrate and embrace a new identity for different reasons. They find themselves in a state of internal conflict as they navigate the tension between their newly adopted identities and their old ones. The individual is haunted and overwhelmed by their previous experiences. This research explores the universality of the subject matter by examining the motivations underlying the adoption of a new identity in a distinct geographical and temporal context. This paper examines the literary works of Kincaid's Lucy (1990) and Blasim's "The Nightmares of Carlos Fuentes" (2014). Kincaid’s pro

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Asian Journal Of Ournal Of Chemistry
Assessment of an Electrocoagulation Reactor for the Removal of Oil Content and Turbidity from Real Oily Wastewater Using Response Surface Method
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Background: Large amounts of oily wastewater and its derivatives are discharged annually from several industries to the environment. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the ability to remove oil content and turbidity from real oily wastewater discharged from the wet oil's unit (West Qurna 1-Crude Oil Location/ Basra-Iraq) by using an innovated electrocoagulation reactor containing concentric aluminum tubes in a monopolar mode. Methods: The influences of the operational variables (current density (1.77-7.07 mA/cm2) and electrolysis time (10-40 min)) were studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and Minitab-17 statistical program. The agitation speed was taken as 200 rpm. Energy and electrodes consumption had been studi

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Publication Date
Tue May 23 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Assessment of Water Quality Index and Water Suitability of the Tigris River for drinking water within Baghdad City, Iraq
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In this study water quality was indicated in terms of Water Quality Index that was determined through summarizing multiple parameters of water test results. This index offers a useful representation of the overall quality of water for public or any intended use as well as indicating pollution, water quality management and decision making. The application of Water Quality Index
(WQI) with sixteen physicochemical water quality parameters was performed to evaluate the quality of Tigris River water for drinking usage. This was done by subjecting the water samples collected from eight stations in Baghdad city during the period 2004-2010 to comprehensive physicochemical analysis. The sixteen physicochemical parameters included: Turbidity, A

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Assessment of Water Quality Index and Water Suitability of the Tigris River for drinking water within Baghdad City, Iraq
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In this study water quality was indicated in terms of Water Quality Index that was determined through summarizing multiple parameters of water test results. This index offers a useful representation of the overall quality of water for public or any intended use as well as indicating pollution, water quality management and decision making. The application of Water Quality Index (WQI) with sixteen physicochemical water quality parameters was performed to evaluate the quality of Tigris River water for drinking usage. This was done by subjecting the water samples collected from eight stations in Baghdad city during the period 2004-2010 to comprehensive physicochemical analysis. The sixteen physicochemical parameters included: Turbidity,

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The aesthetic formation of metaphor Textual reading in the office of Majd al-Din al-Nashabi (D. 656 A.H)
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وظَّفَ الشاعرُ مجد الدين النُّشَّابي الصورة الاستعارية التي شكلت سمةً جمالية بارزة من سماتِ التشكيل الشعري عنده, وأحد المكونات الأساسية في بنية قصائده الشعرية وهي جوهر الإبداع ومحط التذوق عند المتلقي, إذ يشكل الشاعر صوره الاستعارية المتنوعة متولدة من خياله وعواطفه ومتوافقة مع الموضوع لتصبح الصورة  الاستعارية ركنًّا من أركان التشكيل الفني الشعري عند الشاعر .

والتصوير الاستعاري له القدرة بالتشكيل ا

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Public expenditures transferring and its role in the redistribution of income with particular reference to the experiences of elected
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After the success of the reforms Keynesian save the capitalist system from collapse and to apply the concepts of state intervention in economic activity in order to revive aggregate demand to achieve the purposes of macro-economic policies which draw their scope of economic (John Keynes) theory of effective demand, which created the new role of the state away from the classical concepts. Valley transmission role of the State of (State Guardian) to the process of state overlapping that increased and social functions have become responsible for raising the standard of living of classes with limited incomes, in particular, and the rest of the classes in general, through the expansion of the delivery of public servic

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Integration of international issues in Saudi social studies and citizenship books in the light of international education principles
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The study aimed to reveal the level to which the international issues are integrated into the books of Saudi public education social studies and citizenship in the light of the principles of international education, and to know the level of continuity and integration of these issues in the books, to build a range and sequence matrix of international issues through it. The study followed the descriptive and analytical method that used the content analysis card as a tool for study when the tool achieved the necessary validity and reliability characteristics. The data of this study has been processed using the SPSS statistical program according to a set of appropriate methods of descriptive and inferential statistics.

 The resu

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
EFFECT OF LAND DEGRADATION DEGREE ON THE LAND COVER TYPE USING GIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE WEST OF BAGHDAD/IRAQ
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In this study is the phenomenon of desertification risk assessment in the Abu Ghraib area west of Baghdad/Iraq, which has an area of about (384.168 km 2), that the annual mean temperature is more than (22 C). Rainfall was low, ranging from the (200 mm) per year for Iraq and (2.82) mm per year of the study area* temperature is high and evaporation is also high (mm 7.73) per year*, so the climate in general of the dry type and the system of soil moisture is the kind of Aridic (Torric). To this study was to identify three indicators to monitor for the period from 2001-2005 using GIS and these indicators are (soil, groundwater and the nature of land use), using ArcGIS 9.1. The results showed that the risk of desertification was part of the leve

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Immunology
The Effect of Inhibitory Signals on the Priming of Drug Hapten–Specific T Cells That Express Distinct Vβ Receptors
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Abstract<p>Drug hypersensitivity involves the activation of T cells in an HLA allele–restricted manner. Because the majority of individuals who carry HLA risk alleles do not develop hypersensitivity, other parameters must control development of the drug-specific T cell response. Thus, we have used a T cell–priming assay and nitroso sulfamethoxazole (SMX-NO) as a model Ag to investigate the activation of specific TCR Vβ subtypes, the impact of programmed death -1 (PD-1), CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and T cell Ig and mucin domain protein-3 (TIM-3) coinhibitory signaling on activation of naive and memory T cells, and the ability of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to prevent responses. An expa</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 11 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Management of trauma to the anterior segment of the maxilla: alveolar fracture and primary incisors crown and root fracture
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Background: An injury to both the primary and permanent teeth and the supporting structures is one of the most common dental problems seen in children. Splinting is usually difficult or impossible to perform in the primary dentition (due to diminutive room size and lack of patient cooperation). Healing must, therefore, occur despite mobility at the fracture line, usually resulting in interposition of connective tissue. In some instances, infection will occur in the coronal pulp. The present study reported a case of trauma to the anterior primary teeth and alveolar bone in a four year old child. The trauma has caused fracture to the crowns and roots of the primary anterior teeth. The following case was managed in a procedure that may prov

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