􀀨􀀅􀀆􀀔􀀜􀀄􀀂􀀆􀀈􀀓􀀌􀀩􀀏􀀆􀀉􀀅􀀆􀀉􀀅􀀉􀀚􀀝􀀔􀀄􀀗􀀉􀀚􀀆􀀂􀀓􀀚􀀁􀀔􀀄􀀓􀀅􀀆􀀄􀀂􀀆􀀔􀀓􀀆􀀃􀀂􀀔􀀄􀀟􀀉􀀔􀀃􀀆􀀔􀀜􀀃􀀆􀀛􀀃􀀜􀀄􀀗􀀚􀀃􀀆􀀗􀀌􀀄􀀔􀀄􀀗􀀉􀀚􀀆􀀂􀀘􀀃􀀃􀀊􀀂􀀆􀀓􀀖􀀆􀀓􀀛􀀃􀀌􀀔􀀁􀀌􀀅􀀄􀀅􀀕􀀢􀀆􀀪􀀜􀀃􀀆􀀄􀀅􀀛􀀃􀀂􀀔􀀄􀀕􀀉􀀔􀀄􀀓􀀅􀀂􀀆 􀀉􀀌􀀃􀀆􀀙􀀉􀀂􀀃􀀊􀀆􀀓􀀅􀀆􀀉􀀁􀀔􀀓􀀟􀀓􀀙􀀄􀀚􀀃􀀆􀀚􀀉􀀔􀀃􀀌􀀉􀀚􀀆􀀂􀀘􀀉􀀗􀀃􀀆􀀟􀀄􀀊􀀂􀀔􀀆􀀔􀀜􀀃􀀆􀀗􀀃􀀅􀀔􀀃􀀌􀀚􀀄􀀅􀀃􀀂􀀆􀀓􀀖􀀆􀀔􀀜􀀃􀀆􀀙􀀉􀀂􀀃􀀆

The water supply network inside the building is of high importance due to direct contact with the user that must be optimally designed to meet the water needs of users.  This work aims to review previous research and scientific theories that deal with the design of water networks inside buildings, from calculating the amount of consumption and the optimal distribution of the network, as well as ways to rationalize the use of water by the consumer.  The process of pumping domestic water starts from water treatment plants to be fed to the public distribution networks, then reaching a distribution network inside the building till it is  provided to the user.  The design of the water supply network inside the building is

Nano TiO₂ thin films on glass substrates were prepared at a constant temperature of (373 K) and base vacuum (10_-3 mbar), by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. The effects of different laser energies between (700-1000)mJ on the properties of TiO₂ films was investigated. TiO₂ thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements have shown that the polycrystalline TiO₂ prepared at laser energy 1000 mJ. Preparation also includes optical transmittance and absorption measurements as well as measuring the uniformity of the surface of these films. Optimum parameters have been identified for the growth of high-quality TiO₂ films

In this golden age of rapid development surgeons realized that AI could contribute to healthcare in all aspects, especially in surgery. The aim of the study will incorporate the use of Convolutional Neural Network and Constrained Local Models (CNN-CLM) which can make improvement for the assessment of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) surgery not only bring opportunities for surgery but also bring challenges on the way forward by using the edge cutting technology. The problem with the current method of surgery is the lack of safety and specific complications and problems associated with safety in each laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure. When CLM is utilize into CNN models, it is effective at predicting time series tasks like iden

The huge magnetic fields of neutron star cause the nuclei of the stellar surface to form a tightly bound condensed layer. In this research some characteristics of polar gap and magnetosphere enclosed the star according to Sturrock Model were illustrated, positrons move out along the open field lines, and electrons flow to the stellar surface as in the related to Sturrock model. The magnetic field within polar gap areas, which is defined by the Irvin Radius (RL) decreases due to the expansion of the polar, resulting from the physical motion of the accreted material. The values of height gap at different distances from the star were estimated. The obtained results improve the most energetic positrons those with E? Emax radiate away their ener

Improving the ability of asphalt pavement to survive the heavily repeated axle loads and weathering challenges in Iraq has been the subject of research for many years. The critical need for such data in the design and construction of more durable flexible pavement in bridge deck material is paramount. One of new possible steps is the epoxy asphalt concrete, which is classified as a superior asphalt concrete in roads and greatly imparts the level of design and construction. This paper describes a study on 40-50 penetration graded asphalt cement mixed with epoxy to produce asphalt concrete mixtures. The tests carried out are the Marshall properties, permanent deformation, flexural fatigue cracking and moisture damage. Epoxy asphalt mixes perf

Polymer films of PEG and PVA and their blend with different
concentrations of MnCl2 (0, 2, 4, 6 and 10 %.wt) were study using
casting technique. The X-ray spectra of pure PEG, PVA and
PVA:PEG films and with addition of 2% concentrations from
(MnCl2) show amorphous structures. The results for FTIR show the
interaction between the filler and polymer blend results in
decreasing crystallinity with rich amorphous phase. This
amorphous nature confirms the complexation between the filler and
the polymer blend. The optical properties of (PVA:PEG/MnCl2)
contain the recording of absorbance (A) and explain that the
absorption coefficient (α), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient
(ko) and the dielectric cons

Drip irrigation is one of the conservative irrigation techniques since it implies supplying water directly on the soil through the emitter; it can supply water and fertilizer directly into the root zone. An equation to estimate the wetted area in unsaturated soil is taking into calculating the water absorption by roots is simulated numerically using HYDRUS (2D/3D) software. In this paper, HYDRUS comprises analytical types of the estimate of different soil hydraulic properties. Used one soil type, sandy loam, with three types of crops; (corn, tomato, and sweet sorghum), different drip discharge, different initial soil moisture content was assumed, and different time durations. The relative error for the different hydrauli

This study focuses on improving the safety of embankment dams by considering the effects of vibration due to powerhouse operation on the dam body. The study contains two main parts. In the first part, ANSYS-CFX is used to create the three-dimensional (3D) Finite Volume (FV) model of one vertical Francis turbine unit. The 3D model is run by considering various reservoir conditions and the dimensions of units. The Re-Normalization Group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model is employed, and the physical properties of water and the flow characteristics are defined in the turbine model. In the second phases, a 3D finite element (FE) numerical model for a rock-fill dam is created by using ANSYS®, considering the dam connection with its powerhouse

The purple pigment violacein is produced by Gram-negative bacteria, mainly from the Chromobacterium violaceum. Violacein is synthesized by fusing two Ltryptophan molecules using five different enzymes encoded by VioA, VioB, VioC, VioD, and VioE genes. These genes have transferred to genetically engineering microorganisms such as E.coli for high production of violacein. It is receiving greater interest because of its significant biological functions and therapeutic potential. The reviews outlining the biosynthesis, production, and biological significance of violacein are being published.