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Production of 7-methylxanthine from Theobromine by Metabolically Engineered E. coli
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In this work, a novel biocatalytic process for the production of 7-methylxanthines from theobromine, an economic feedstock has been developed. Bench scale production of 7-methlxanthine has been demonstrated. The biocatalytic process used in this work operates at 30 OC and atmospheric pressure, and is environmentally friendly. The biocatalyst was E. coli BL21(DE3) engineered with ndmB/D genes combinations. These modifications enabled specific N7- demethylation of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine. This production process consists of uniform fermentation conditions with a specific metabolically engineered strain, uniform induction of specific enzymes for 7-methylxanthine production, uniform recovery and preparation of biocatalyst for reaction and uniform recovery of pure 7-methylxanthine.

   Many E. coli BL21(DE3) strains metabolically engineered with single and/or multiple ndmB/D genes were tested for catalytic activity, and the best strains which had the higher activity were chosen to carry out the N-demethylation reaction of theobromine. Strain pBD2dDB had the highest activity for the production of 7-methylxanthine from theobromine. That strain was used to find the optimum amount of cells required to achieve complete conversion of theobromine to 7-methylxanthine within two hours. It was found that the optimum concentration of pBD2dDB strain to achieve 100% conversion of 0.5 mM theobromine to 7-methylxanthine was 5 mg/mL. The cell growth of pBD2dDB strain was studied using two different growth media, (Luria-Bertani Broth and Super Broth). Super broth was found to be the best medium to produce the highest amount of cell paste (1.5 g). Subsequently, the process was scaled up in which 2 L reaction volume was used to produce 7-methylxanthine (100% conversion) from 0.5 mM theobromine catalyzed by pBD2dDB strain. The reactions was carried out at 30 oC and 250 rpm shaker speed, and the reaction medium was 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=7). 7-methylxanthines was separated by preparative chromatography with high recovery, and the product solution was collected, purified by drying at 120-140 oC for 4 hours and, recovered (127 mg). Purity of the isolated 7-methylxanthine was comparable to authentic standards with no contaminant peaks, as observed by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR. 

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
The Combined Effect of Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser (532 Nm) and Safranin O on the Growth of Pseudomonas Aeruginosaand its Susceptibilityto Antibiotics and Pyocyanin Production
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Twenty five samples out of sixty wound swabs taken from burn patients were identified as P. aeruginosabacteria by conventional methods. Antibiotics susceptibility tests were performed against thirteen antibiotics. P. aeruginosa samples were treated with 0.5 mg/ml of Safranin O solution then irradiated with 532nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at four energy densities (0.324, 0.704, 1.380, and 1.831 J/cm2) for different times of 5, 8 and 11 minutes with 5Hz repetition rate. The viability, susceptibility to antibiotic and production of pyocyanin were determined before and after irradiation. The results showed that the number of CFU/ml of P. aeruginosa decreased with increasing the dose of irradiation. Complete killing of cells was observed at 1.8

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of big data analytics in measuring and analyzing the quality costs of economic units : applied research in the Iraqi company for seed production
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                The research aims to explain the role of huge data analyzes in measuring quality costs in the Iraqi company for the production of seed, and the research problem was diagnosed with the weakness of the approved method to measure quality costs, and the weak traditional systems of data analyzes, the researcher in the theoretical aspect relied on collecting sources and previous studies, as well as Adoption of the applied analytical approach in the practical aspect, as a set of financial analyzes were applied within the measurement of quality costs and a statement of the role of data analyzes in the practical side, the research concluded to a set of conc

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 03 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of international auditing standard (320) of materiality in defining the analytical procedures of the auditor: Applied research in the Iraqi company for seed production
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The study seeks to clarify the role of International Auditing Standard No. (320) of the relative importance in determining responsibility for planning and implementing the process of auditing financial statements and expressing neutral technical opinion through the analytical procedures of the auditor, whose responsibility is to obtain appropriate and reliable audit evidence that helps the auditor to form a general conclusion about whether The financial statements were consistent with the auditor's understanding of the entity. The relative importance contributes to defining the important accounts that help to set priorities for the auditor to set the necessary analytical procedures for these accounts. One of the most important co

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 15 2017
Journal Name
Global Journal Of Bio-science And Biotechnology
ISOLATE AND IDENTIFICATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL WITH HYDROCARBONS DISCHARGED FROM GAS FILLING REFINERIES
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Petroleum is one of the most important substances consumed by man at present times, a major energy source in this century, petroleum oils can cause environmental pollution during various stages of production, transportation, refining and use, petroleum hydrocarbons pollutions ranging from soil, ground water to marine environment, become an inevitable problem in the modern life, current study focused on bioremediation process of hydrocarbons contaminants that remaining in the bottom of gas cylinders and discharged to the soil. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were isolated from contaminated soils all of them gram negative bacteria, bacterial isolates screening to investigate the ability of biodegradation of hydrocarbons, these isolates inocula

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 11 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Porous silicon prepared by photo electrochemical etching assisted by laser
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Porous silicon (PS) layers are prepared by anodization for
different etching current densities. The samples are then
characterized the nanocrystalline porous silicon layer by X-Ray
Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR). PS layers were formed on n-type Si
wafer. Anodized electrically with a 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mA/cm2
current density for fixed 10 min etching times. XRD confirms the
formation of porous silicon, the crystal size is reduced toward
nanometric scale of the face centered cubic structure, and peak
becomes a broader with increasing the current density. The AFM
investigation shows the sponge like structure of PS at the lower
current density porous begi

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 31 2024
Journal Name
Plant Science Today
Extraction of Synephrine from Waste Peels of Citrus sinensis and Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from it against Dermatophytes
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The main object of the current work was to determine the antifungal efficiency of secondary metabolites product called synephrine that extracted from Citrus sinesis peels and the ability of synephrine to biosynthesis gold nanoparticles from HAucl4 which consider environmentally favourable method, then determine their activity against pathogenic human dermatophyte. The identification of synephrine done by Thin layer chromatography (TLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The characterization of gold nanoparticles by using Ultra Violet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Field – Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), confirmed the biosynt

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Influence of Indole acetic acid and Tryptophan on production of Vinblastine and Vincristine of Catharanthus roseous callus cells in the accumulation media of In Vitro tissue culture
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This study on the plant of Ain –AL Bason Catharanthus roseous showed the ability of callus cells that is produced by In Vitro culture technique and transformed to the accumulated media (MS 40gm/L sucrose ,2gm/L IAA Indole acetic acid , 0.5gm/L Tryptophan) to produce Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds. Extraction, purification and quantitive determination of Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds using High performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC)were carried out. The results showed that the highest concentration of Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds were ( 4.653,12.5 (ppm /0.5 dry Wight respectively from transformed callus cells from MS 40 gm /L sucrose , 2 gm / L NAA Naphthaline acetic acid .

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Position of the United States from Britain in the discussions of British Evacuation from Egypt (1946-1952)
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Many reasons combined behind the Standing of U.S. against Britain in its aggression against Egypt in 1956; the consensus of world opinion on the need to stop the aggression and the fear of the Soviet military intervention which mean a new world war.
United States desired to weaken British influences in the region in general to get new oil gains in the Arabian Gulf and Egypt at the expense of Britain. The exiting of Britain from the area served U.S. strategic interests in the Middle East in general and Egypt in particular to keep the flow of oil for U.S advantage.
The United States wanted to keep its image in the region to apply its future political projects including Eisenhower Project, which intended to take the position of Britis

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERATION OF MUCILAGE EXTRACTED FROM MUSTARD SEEDS: EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERATION OF MUCILAGE EXTRACTED FROM MUSTARD SEEDS
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The mucilage was isolated from mustard seeds and identification by some different methods like, thermo gravimetric, FTlR., X-ray powdered, proton NMR, FTIR spectra of the three gums contain different functional group in the gums, major peaks  bands noticed were belong to OH (3410.15 – 3010.88) group from hydroxyl group, CH aliphatic (2925-2343.51), C-O (1072.42-1060.85) group and C=O 1743.65, Thermo chemical parameters of mucilage was evaluated  and compared with the standard gums, Results indicated the mucilage was decomposed in 392°C and mass loss 55%, The X ray process found the mucilage had single not sharp peak

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of E-Learning in enhancing Total Quality Management in Educational Institutions: an exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of the staff of the Directorate of Education in the province of Nineveh
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Purpose: The research aims to determine the relationship between E-Learning and Total Quality Management (TQM) in Educational institutions in Nineveh Governorates.

Methodology / Design: The researchers distributed (30) questionnaires to employees (teachers and administrators) of Nineveh Governorate education who represent the community of the research sample, as they were analyzed using the SPSS V.20

The importance of research: The importance of the research in the fact that it focuses on one of the educational methods represented in integrating the traditional method and relying on modern technologies using computers and the Internet in the field of education to improve the reali

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