This study presents the design of flash-lamps for pumped solid-state lasers. In this research have been study some of characters for flash lamp. The optimum pressure operation is found using different flash lamps about (600-4000) mbar. In conclusion, it was shown that the increase in pressure due to improve efficiency of radiation and decrease of temperature. Also this study illustrated the reason of decrease temperature is atomic number and due to increase of radiation efficiency.

Vanadium dioxide nanofilms are one of the most essential materials in electronic applications like smart windows. Therefore, studying and understanding the optical properties of such films is crucial to modify the parameters that control these properties. To this end, this work focuses on investigating the opacity as a function of the energy directed at the nanofilms with different thicknesses(1–100) nm. Effective mediator theories(EMTs), which are considered as the application of Bruggeman’s formalism and the Looyenga mixing rule, have been used to estimate the dielectric constant of VO2 nanofilms. The results show different opacity behaviors at different wavelength ranges(ultraviolet, visible, and infrared). The results depict that th

In this paper, the definition of fuzzy anti-inner product in a linear space is introduced. Some results of fuzzy anti-inner product spaces are given, such as the relation between fuzzy inner product space and fuzzy anti-inner product. The notion of minimizing vector is introduced in fuzzy anti-inner product settings.

The D.C. electrical properties of poly (ethylene oxide)/MgCl2 composites were investigated as a function of different MgCl2 filler concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) and different temperatures in the range (276–333)o K at three different polarizing fields. Resistivity: and dc Conductivity: σ dc were measured, and the activation energy: Ea of the thermal rate-process of the electrical conduction was investigated. It was found that the current-voltage measurement results exhibited Ohmic resistance behavior, the composites exhibit negative temperature reliance of resistivity and enhancement in the D.C. electrical conductivity with both temperature and MgCl2 concentration. The determined activation energy was found to

the structrual and mechanical properties of thin Ni films of different thicknesses deposited on coring glass substrate using lonbeam sputtering(IBS) technique under vacuum torr have been studied the TEM and electron

In this paper, we introduce a new type of Drazin invertible operator on Hilbert spaces, which is called D-operator. Then, some properties of the class of D-operators are studied. We prove that the D-operator preserves the scalar product, the unitary equivalent property, the product and sum of two D-operators are not D-operator in general but the direct product and tenser product is also D-operator.

This search study the effect of particle size of graphite on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites, where graphite adopted with particle sizes (45,53,75) ?m, respectively, and the percentages by weight (0,1,3,5,7,9)% for each size of this three particle sizes.Mechanical properties represented by the bending (three-point bending) and through which the conclusion is bending stress and modulus of elasticity, thermal properties were either through thermal conductivity tests.The results showed that the ratio(1%) is the maximum value of bending stress at the three particle size and the (45 ?m) is the maximum.Thermal conductivity result show is the maximum value at ratio (1%) of particle size(53 ?m)

In this research PbS thin film have been prepared by chemical bath deposition technique (CBD).The PbS film with thickness of (1-1.5)μm was thermally treated at temperature of 100°C for 4 hours. Some Structural characteristics was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD)and optical microscope photograph some of chemical gas sensing measurements were carried out ,it shown that the sensitivity of (CO2) gas depend on the grain Size and deposition substrate. The grain size of PbS film deposited on on glass closed to 21.4 nm while 37.97nm for Si substrate. The result of current-voltage characterization shwon the sensitivity of prepared film deposited on Si better than film on glass.