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Heat Transfer and Hydrodynamic in Internal Jacket Airlift Bioreactor with Microbubble Technology
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   Integration of laminar bubbling flow with heat transfer equations in a novel internal jacket airlift bioreactor using microbubbles technology was examined in the present study. The investigation was accomplished via Multiphysics modelling to calculate the gas holdup, velocity of liquid recirculation, mixing time and volume dead zone for hydrodynamic aspect. The temperature and internal energy were determined for heat transfer aspect.

   The results showed that the concentration of microbubbles in the unsparged area is greater than the chance of large bubbles with no dead zones being observed in the proposed design.  In addition the pressure, due to the recirculation velocity of liquid around the draft tube, increased the retention time of microbubbles in the same area.  

   Thus it was expected that their effect on mass and heat transfer phenomena would be positive for biological applications. For example the gas fraction volume of microbubble in the downcomer region is 0.0063, while with fine bubble diameter of 1 mm, this region was free from any bubble. Furthermore, the velocity of liquid in the center of ring diffuser would be 0.175 m/s, if the sparging system operated with bubble diameter of 100 micrometer, whilst would be 0.035 m/s with fine bubble diameter of 1 mm.

   The study also proved the importance of bubble diameter on the heat transfer in gas and liquid phases in the proposed design. Microbubbles gave greater responsiveness to stability and homogeneity in all parts of the bioreactor. Finally, this study concluded the efficiency of the proposed design with the microbubbles technology thermally and hydrodynamically.

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Agricultural Engineering
The Change in Spectrum of Drops in the Exploitation Process of Agricultural Nozzles
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Abstract<p>Agricultural nozzles usually produce a different drops size depending on the pressure and the physical condition (work life) of the nozzle besides producing a wide range of the drops spectrum in the spray cloud. In this paper the standard flat fan nozzles were investigated regarding the effect of the working pressure and the nozzle physical condition (new and worn nozzles). The size of drops and the spectrum of drops across the long axis of the spray pattern were examined by using Sympatec GmbH Laser Diffraction. Reducing the working pressure from 3 to 2 and then to 1 caused production of larger drops, also using worn nozzles (especially with lower pressure) changed the drops size whi</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Place Identity in Defining Urban Space of Border Rivers in Historical City Centres
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In the city, building space could transform to be as place, because architecture does not include only traditional values such as housing, human protection, stability, etc, but could carry other dimensions beyond the housing or building occupancy or develop urban design. Rivers had vision in motion as a way to show dynamic processes in its flowing slowly, which are simply measured in time and the life of citizens. The research consider the river path in traditional cities as Alley connecting the spaces of the city ... old Baghdad was characterized by this property and it is look like Venice in the past, while traditional European cities were able to preserve this property till now, and capable to take transformation of the city with deve

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Veterinary Medicine International
Compensatory Structural Adaptive Modifications of Vagina in Response to Functional Demand in Goat
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Vaginal biopsies and smears were collected from ten adult local healthy goats. Routine histological methods were carried out on vaginal biopsies and then stained with PAS stain. The smears were stained with Methylene blue. All samples were inspected under light microscope. The present study found that many constituents of the wall of the vagina, which have an important functional role, were absent; among these were the vaginal glands, goblet cells, muscularis mucosa, and lymphatic nodules. On the other hand, vagina showed special compensatory histological mechanisms, namely, the deep epithelial folds, the well-developed germinated stratum basale, the apparent basement membrane, and the profuse defensive cells, such as neutrophils, m

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 26 2018
Journal Name
Osr Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (iosr-jpbs)
Evaluation of toxicity in rats of Ruta chalepensıs L. extracts Growıng in Iraq
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Evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of Ruta Chalepensis aerial part aqueous extract used in folk medicine in Iraq in Albino Wistar male and female rats. The study of chronic toxicity at the doses 100, 300 and 600mg/kg body weight in male and female rats for 90 days, recorded no mortality. Treated animals showed a normal weight change compared with control. The parameters of male fertility showed a significant decrease in the weight of testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle as well as a reduction in the number and the motility of spermatozoids at treated groups by the doses 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight compared to control group.

Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Accumulation Risk of Heavy Metals in Vegetables which Grown in Contaminated Soil
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The present study has been carried out to estimate heavy metals mobility, bioconcentration and transfer from polluted soil to roots tissues and from roots tissues to aerial parts using bioconcentration factor and translocation factor. Soil samples and the biomass of the eight vegetable species have been collected during summer season, 2019 from four different sites in Wadi Al-Arg, Taif Governorate, KSA. In general, heavy metals content of soil samples in site III and IV have recorded elevated values compared with those of site I and II. The soil from site IV has shown the highest concentration of Mn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Cd amounted 31.63, 14.05, 13.56, 22.79, 31.02 and 2.98 mg/kg dry soil respectively, while the soil from site III has sh

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Measurement of emotional disorders in young people Who suffer from unemployment in Iraq?
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Generally, there are many problems that people run into; unemployment is one of these common diseases which usually hits the whole communities leaving crucial effects (economic, social, and psychological) that are difficult to handle them. The current study aims to identify the level of emotional disorders among Iraqi unemployed alumni for the academic years (2013-2016). To this end, the researchers have prepared a questionnaire to measure (anxiety, depression, and anger): these criteria distributed over (30) item. As for sample, it limited to (50) male and female student. The findings of study have revealed that the whole sample showed a high level of emotional disorders, and anger disorder showed higher level than the level of (depress

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Mechanism of Using of Income Tax in Achievable of Economic Targets in Iraq
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The present study is concerned with the role of income tax in implementing economic goals in Iraq and treating the problems and pitfalls in the Iraq economy.

The study also aims at investigating the role of income tax in attracting promising favorite effects into economy.

The study was performed on data covering the period (2003 - 2012) with respect to the variables of (income tax, oil profits) as independent variables and (private consuming expenditure, private investmental expenditure, and standard figure of prices) as dependent variables. To analyze these data, a number of statistical descriptive and analytical techniques were used such as (percentage, standard variance, mediums, F test, T test and SPSS). It has been c

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect Of Training in achieving Organizational Commitment of workers in the organizations
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ABCTRACT

Care research examining the relationship between the variables of search presidents (employee training and organizational commitment) to determine the effect of the training of employees in organizations in achieving organizational commitment of employees towards their organizations and by the fact that training is one of the most important activities adopted by the administration and by which can benefit realized for workers and for the organization .ttjsd problem Search lack of training considered as a factor of the important factors in the development of staff skills and development work in many Iraqi companies, including vegetable oils company (where to look), which in turn raises the relevance and commitment

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 06 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Blended Learning in Nursing Education at the Middle Region in Iraq
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Abstract

Objective(s): To evaluate blended learning in nursing education at the Middle Region in Iraq.

Methodology: A descriptive study, using evaluation approach, is conducted to evaluate blended learning in nursing education in Middle Region in Iraq from September 26th, 2021 to March 22nd, 2022. The study is carried out at two Colleges of Nursing at the University of Baghdad and University of Tikrit in Iraq. A convenient, non-probability, sample of (60) undergraduate nursing students is selected. The sample is comprised of (30) student from each college of nursing, Self-report questionnaire is constructed from the literature, for e

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of the Promotional Mix in Achieving Competitive Advantage in Industrial Organizations
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Purpose – determine the impact of the promotional mix in achieving competitive advantage in industrial organizations.

Problem- indicated a clear deficiency in employing the dimensions of the marketing mix in ensuring a competitive advantage for the researched organization.

Design/methodology/approach – Al-Dora Refinery was selected as a field of application. The sample was chosen by an intentional sample of (143) individuals in the Human Resources departments. The questionnaire was adopted as a data acquisition tool that was prepared based on a set of ready-made standards after being subjected to a number of v

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