Adsorption is one of the most important technologies for the treatment of polluted water from dyes. Theaim of this study is to use a low-cost adsorbent for this purpose. A novel and economical adsorbent was used to remove methyl violet dye (MV) from aqueous solutions. This adsorbent was prepared from bean peel, which is an agricultural waste. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the ability of the bean peel adsorbent (BPA) to remove the methyl violet (MV) dye. The effects of different variables, such as weight of the adsorbent, pH of the MV solution, initial concentration of MV, contact time and temperature, on the adsorption behaviour were studied. It was found experimentally that the time required to achieve equilibrium was 120 min for all dye concentrations (10-50 mg/l). The BPA was characterised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)before and after adsorption of the MV dye. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to analyse the experimental isotherm data. The Freundlich isotherm gives a better fit than the other isotherm models. The adsorption kinetic data were tested using pseudo-first-order and pseudo–second-order models. Additionally, the intraparticle diffusion model was used to investigate the mechanism of the adsorption process. It was found that boundary layer diffusion (external mass transfer) is the rate-determining step. The thermodynamic parameters, including ΔH, ΔS and ΔG, were investigated at different temperatures (298, 313 and 323 K) and concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/l) to understand the nature of the adsorption process. The thermodynamic study indicates that the adsorption of MV dye onto BPA is physical, exothermic and spontaneous in nature.
The effect of short range correlations on the inelastic longitudinal
Coulomb form factors for different states of J 4 , T 1with
excitation energies 3.553,7.114, 8.960 and 10.310 MeV in 18O is
analyzed. This effect (which depends on the correlation parameter )
is inserted into the ground state charge density distribution through
the Jastrow type correlation function. The single particle harmonic
oscillator wave function is used with an oscillator size parameter b.
The parameters and b are considered as free parameters, adjusted
for each excited state separately so as to reproduce the experimental
root mean square charge radius of 18O. The model space of 18O does
not contribute to the tra
The research aims to identify the reality of the management strategy followed in the treatment of solid waste in the city of Baquba, and what strategies are used to treat solid waste, and the extent of the application of these strategies, through personal interviews with leading cadres in the Directorate of Baquba Municipality, their assistants and heads of departments, they numbered (55) Individuals. The descriptive method was adopted through a questionnaire prepared to measure the extent of the implementation of the strategy of solid waste management in the city of Baquba and using statistical tools including (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, relative importance, the gap). The research reac
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Necati Cumalı, the Turkish writer and poet, was born on the 13th of January 1921. The Origin of his name coincides with the same Friday where an airplane crush accident happened inside the borders of Greece where he used to live. He was one of the 20th century most prominent writers whose fame lasted for 80 years until his death on the 10th of January 2002.
Although Necati Cumalı worked in various literary fields such as short stories, novel, drama, and critical analysis, he was often known as a poet. His poetry celebrates highly elevated emotions to love and nature in unique lifestyle that displays his delightful diction. The p
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In this work, thermodynamic efficiency of individual cell and stack of cells (two cells) has been computed by studying the variation of voltage produced during an operation time of 30 min as a result of the affected parameters:- stoichiometric feed ratio, flow field design on single cell and feed distribution on stack of cells. The experiments were carried out by using two cells, one with serpentine flow field and the other with spiral flow field. These cells were fed with hydrogen and oxygen at low volumetric flow rates from 1 to 2 ml/sec and stoichiometric ratios of fuel (H2) to oxidant (O2) as 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 respectively. The results showed that
... Show MoreThis paper presents the synthesis and study of some new mixed-ligand complexes containing nicotinamide(C6H7N2O) symbolized (NA) and phenylalanine (C9H11NO2)symbolized (pheH)] with some metal ions. The resulting products were found to be solid crystalline complexes which have been characterized by :Melting points, Solubility, Molar conductivity. determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame(AAS), magnetic susceptipibility, Spectroscopic Method [FT-IR and UV-Vis]. The proposed structure of the complexes using program , chem office 3D(2006) . The general formula have been given for the prepared complexes : [M(NA)2(phe)]cl M(II): Mn(II) ,Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) & Hg(II)). NA = Nicotinamide= C6
... Show MoreThe study aims to determine the responsibility of nursing staff for medical errors that accompany the surgery at the hospital , which is one of the important issues that the importance of determining the responsibility of landlords nursing medical errors in the hospital was the rationale in choosing the subject. Since study included cases of errors nursing staff of (22) case. While the checklist distributed to a sample of nursing Angel Group in Sadr Teaching Hospital 's (100) nurs According to the problem, the study in determining the responsibility of nursing staff for medical errors that are not important for the hospitals. Has shown results of the study agreement members of the study sample that the clarity of the power posses
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The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the efficacy of L-carnitine, multivitamins and their combination therapies on semen characteristics in idiopathic male infertility. Idiophathic infertile patients were randomly divided into three groups who had received three different treatment regimens for three months: group A (45 patients) has received 2 grams daily of L-carnitine alone; group B (55 patients) had received the combination of L-carnitine (2 grams daily) plus one tablet daily of multivitamins (Stresstabs®); and group C (29 patients) had received one tablet daily of multivitamins alone. The study was started on 1/11/2009 and completed on 31/3/2010 and performed at Rizgari Teaching Hospital in
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Objectives: To assess the coping strategies of parents of children with autism and the relationship of
different strategies with their educational level.
Methodology: A descriptive analytical study was carried out from Feb. 14th, 2013 through April, 10th
, 2013 in
several private rehabilitation centers of autism in Baghdad city. A non- probability (purposive) sample of 100
autistic children and 100 of their parents (father or mother) was assessed by a questionnaire which consisted of
two parts; the first part is concerned with the demographic characteristics of the child and demographic
characteristics of the parents; the second part consisted of 50 questions about coping strategies that were
distributed on 8 doma
Ten species of whiteflies (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) representing six genera were studied from a collection from different localities in the middle of Iraq. These species are Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh, 1931); Bemisia afer (Priesner and Hosny,1934); Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889); Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead,1885); Dialeurodes kirkaldy (Kotinsky, 1907); Neomaskellia andropogonis Corbett, 1926; Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday, 1835); Trialeurodes ricini (Misra, 1924); Trialeurodes vapovariorum (Westwood,1856) and Trialeurodes irakeensis (Al-Malo and Abdul-Rassoul, 2000). Notes are given on their localities, date of c
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The study aims at finding out:
1. The students' attitude towards the mixed learning at the university.
2. The statistically significant differences in attitude towards the mixed learning at the university according to the specialization variable.
3. The statistically significant differences in attitude towards the mixed learning at the university according to the gender variable.
The researcher has constructed a scale for measuring the students' attitude towards the mixed learning at the university.
After assuring its validity and reliability, the scale has been given to a sample of (100) students. The sample is selected randomly from (4) colleges of the university of Baghdad, (2) for scientific specialization and (2)for h