Aeration system in the cultivation of Chlorella Sp. Microalgae using dairy wastewater as culture media was addressed in the current study. This research aimed to study the effect of aeration in the bubble column bioreactor on the biological synergy between microalgae and bacteria if they are present in the same place. The results show that the sterilization stage is not the dominant step in the success of microalgae cultivation in water-rich organic waste. There is a clear convergence between the growth rate of Chlorella microalgae in the sterilized and non-sterilized culture media, which gives realism if the proposal is applied industrially. Through the information obtained the aerobic bacteria in the non-sterilized media, with free of algae, are able to consume all dissolved oxygen within a very short period of time. The aeration factor is, therefore, important in that case. However, the experiments show that co-existence of bacteria and microalgae can occur even if there is no aeration system. Consequently, the microalgae in the dairy wastewater are capable of preserving the environment of cultivation. The gases produced due to metabolic processes in bacteria or microalgae remain in solution for a certain period and are not easily removed, especially if the solution is exposed to intermittent sparging. Thus, this will give enough time for both microorganisms to consume those gases. However, the results show that the sparging system for 15 minutes and three times a day improves biomass production by 60%. Therefore, the cultivation of microalgae in addition to its desired goal can play an important role in the dairy wastewater treatment units by maintaining the appropriate environment for aerobic bacteria even in the absence of an aeration system.
Election study included four sites for the waters in area of Youssifiyah south of Baghdad (river water, tank water, liquefactions water, and water filtrate and seethed and purifier by alum and chloride), the samples were collected during the month of June in 2007. Temperature, electrical conductivity and acidity are measured. Also , the concentration of chloride , sulphate , carbonate , nitrate , sodium , calcium , magnesium , hard total and total dissolved substances are determined , as well as heavy metals assess environmental risk (such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe). It was also a study of bacterial totals included both total Bacteria (TB) and Total Coliform Bacteria (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) and Fecal Streptococci (FS). The stu
... Show MoreThis paper presents a new approach to discover the effect of depth water for underwater visible light communications (UVLC). The quality of the optical link was investigated with varying water depth under coastal water types. The performance of the UVLC with multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) techniques was examined in terms of bit error rate (BER) and data rate. The theoretical result explains that there is a good performance for UVLC system under coastal water.
The origin of this technique lies in the analysis of François Kenai (1694-1774), the leader of the School of Naturalists, presented in Tableau Economique. This method was developed by Karl Marx in his analysis of the Departmental Relationships and the nature of these relations in the models of " "He said. The current picture of this type of economic analysis is credited to the Russian economist Vasily Leontif. This analytical model is commonly used in developing economic plans in developing countries (p. 1, p. 86). There are several types of input and output models, such as static model, mobile model, regional models, and so on. However, this research will be confined to the open-ended model, which found areas in practical application.
... Show MoreThe reticuloendothelial system (RES) play an important role in immunity against bacterial infection and Klebsiella pneumoniae one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infections. Dextran70 (D70), a polysaccharide, may alter functions of this system through changing many biological activities in the tissues.
Experimental study on the effect of cylindrical hollow cathode, working pressure and magnetic field on spatial glow distribution and the characteristics of plasma produced by dc discharge in Argon gas, were investigated by image analyses for the plume within the plasma. It was found that the emission intensity appears as a periodic structure with many peaks appeared between the electrodes. Increasing the pressure leads to increase the number of intensity peaks finally converted to continuous form at high pressure, especially with applied of magnetic field, i.e. the plasma is more stable with the presence of magnetic field. The emission intensity study of plasma showed that the intensity has a maximum value at 1.07 mbar pressure and decre
... Show MoreA mathematical eco-epidemiological model consisting of harvested prey–predator system involving fear and disease in the prey population is formulated and studied. The prey population is supposed to be separated into two groups: susceptible and infected. The susceptible prey grows logistically, whereas the infected prey cannot reproduce and instead competes for the environment’s carrying capacity. Furthermore, the disease is transferred through contact from infected to susceptible individuals, and there is no inherited transmission. The existence, positivity, and boundedness of the model’s solution are discussed. The local stability analysis is carried out. The persistence requirements are established. The global behavior of th
... Show MoreIn this paper, we deal with a dynamical system that can demonstrate a chaotic attractor of Rossleroscillator. We simulate the Rosslerequations numerically then we investigate the model experimentally. Numerically, the Rossler parameter a and b were fixed and c was changed.The evolution of the system exhibits period, period-doubling, second period doubling, and chaos when control parameters are changed. This evolution can be seen by analyze the time series, the bifurcation diagrams and phase space. Experimentally, the evolution of the system exhibited the same numerical behavior by changing the resistance (Rv) in Rossler circuit that represent as control parameter.
A novel analytical method is developed for the determination of azithromycin. The method utilizes continuous flow injection analysis to enhance the chemiluminescence system of luminol, H2O2, and Cr(III). The method demonstrated a linear dynamic range of 0.001–100 mmol L-1 with a high correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9978, and 0.001–150 mmol L-1 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9769 for the chemiluminescence emission versus azithromycin concentration. The limit of detection (L.O.D.) of the method was found to be 18.725 ng.50 µL−1 based on the stepwise dilution method for the lowest concentration within the linear dynamic range of the calibration graph. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D. %) for n = 6 was less than 1.2%
... Show MoreBackground: The skin functions as a barrier to the external environment, damage to this barrier following a burn disrupts the innate immune system and increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the bacterial isolates and study their antimicrobial susceptibility in burned wound infections at one burn's hospital in Baghdad.Type of study:Cross-sectional study.Methods: The bacteria were identified at species level by using Analytic Profile Index (API) system and The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to Kirby-Bauer (disk diffusion) technique.Results: Over a period of one year (from October 2014 to October 2015). Out of 848 patients with different degrees of burns
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