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Biological Co-existence of the Microalgae – Bacteria System in Dairy Wastewater using photo-bioreactor
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Aeration system in the cultivation of Chlorella Sp. Microalgae using dairy wastewater as culture media was addressed in the current study. This research aimed to study the effect of aeration in the bubble column bioreactor on the biological synergy between microalgae and bacteria if they are present in the same place. The results show that the sterilization stage is not the dominant step in the success of microalgae cultivation in water-rich organic waste. There is a clear convergence between the growth rate of Chlorella microalgae in the sterilized and non-sterilized culture media, which gives realism if the proposal is applied industrially. Through the information obtained the aerobic bacteria in the non-sterilized media, with free of algae, are able to consume all dissolved oxygen within a very short period of time. The aeration factor is, therefore, important in that case. However, the experiments show that co-existence of bacteria and microalgae can occur even if there is no aeration system.   Consequently, the microalgae in the dairy wastewater are capable of preserving the environment of cultivation. The gases produced due to metabolic processes in bacteria or microalgae remain in solution for a certain period and are not easily removed, especially if the solution is exposed to intermittent sparging. Thus, this will give enough time for both microorganisms to consume those gases. However, the results show that the sparging system for 15 minutes and three times a day improves biomass production by 60%. Therefore, the cultivation of microalgae in addition to its desired goal can play an important role in the dairy wastewater treatment units by maintaining the appropriate environment for aerobic bacteria even in the absence of an aeration system.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 18 2025
Journal Name
Sustainable Engineering And Innovation
Using fruit fly and dragonfly optimization algorithms to estimate the Fama-MacBeth model
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This research proposes the application of the dragonfly and fruit fly algorithms to enhance estimates generated by the Fama-MacBeth model and compares their performance in this context for the first time. To specifically improve the dragonfly algorithm's effectiveness, three parameter tuning approaches are investigated: manual parameter tuning (MPT), adaptive tuning by methodology (ATY), and a novel technique called adaptive tuning by performance (APT). Additionally, the study evaluates the estimation performance using kernel weighted regression (KWR) and explores how the dragonfly and fruit fly algorithms can be employed to enhance KWR. All methods are tested using data from the Iraq Stock Exchange, based on the Fama-French three-f

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Evaluating the effects of reservoir level and foundation depth on the dynamic behaviour of a rockfill dam using three-dimensional finite elements modelling
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Abstract<p>This paper presents a three-dimensional Dynamic analysis of a rockfill dam with different foundation depths by considering the dam connection with both the reservoir bed and water. ANSYS was used to develop the three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of the rockfill dam. The essential objective of this study is the discussion of the effects of different foundation depths on the Dynamic behaviour of an embanked dam. Four foundation depths were investigated. They are the dam without foundation (fixed base), and three different depths of the foundation. Taking into consideration the changing of upstream water level, the empty, minimum, and maximum water levels, the results of the three-dimensional F</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Reality analysis of the state of spatial distribution of green areas using geographic information systems (GIS) – The holy city of Najaf as a case study
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Abstract<p>Green areas are an essential component of city planning, as they serve as an outlet for them to spend their free time, in addition to the environmental role that these green areas play in improving the city’s climate by purifying the air and beautifying the city. The study’s problem is summarized in identifying the appropriateness of the current spatial distribution of green areas in the city of Najaf with the current population densities and the pattern in which green areas are distributed using GIS and knowing the per capita share of those green areas in the city, the research assumes that the inconsistency of spaces between regions Green and residential neighbourhoods need to c</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Effect of Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Furrows Irrigation System on Water Productivity, Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L)
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A field experiment was conducted in Al-Yusufiya district - Al-Mahmoudiya district, Baghdad province during the winter season 2021, to study improving the efficiency and management of water use and the productivity of lettuce under different irrigation systems. The Nested-Factorial Experiments design was used, where the main plots include the first factor, irrigation levels (I1) 50%, (I2) 75%, (I3) 100, (I4) 125%, (I5) 150% ETpan. After depleting 35% of the available water and in terms of climatic data from the American Evaporative Basin, Class A. Then the main factor is divided into three replicates, and the coefficients of the second factor are distributed randomly within each replicate, which includes the irrigation system: surface drip i

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 22 2014
Journal Name
International Journal Of Advanced Research
Effect of tillage system and deficit irrigation on consumptive use, some soil physical properties, growth and yield of potato Solanum tuberosum L.
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Using Social Media sites by the Iraqi women and the Achieved The Use of Iraqi Women of Social Networking Sites and the Satisfactions Generated from Them.: A Survey Study of the City of Baghdad
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The problem of this research lies in the fact that there is a lack of accurate scientific perceptions about the size of the use of Iraqi women’s social networking sites and the motives behind this use and the expectations generated by them.
The goals of the research are as follows:
1- Determine the extent of Iraqi women’s use of social networking sites (Facebook, YouTube, twitter, and Instagram).
2- Investigative the motives behind the use of social networking sites by Iraqi women.
3- Detecting the repercussions of Iraqi women’s use of social networking sites (Facebook, you tube, twitter, and Instagram).
The research is classified as a descriptive one. The researchers use the survey methodology. The research commu

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 15 2023
Journal Name
Full Text Book Of Minar Congress 7
EVALUATING THE CHANGE DETECTION OF(NDVI) FOR BABYLON CITY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES (2015-2020)
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The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is an effective graphical indicator that can be used to analyze remote sensing measurements using a space platform, in order to investigate the trend of the live green vegetation in the observed target. In this research, the change detection of vegetation in Babylon city was done by tracing the NDVI factor for temporal Landsat satellite images. These images were used and utilized in two different terms: in March 19th in 2015 and March 5th in 2020. The Arc-GIS program ver. 10.7 was adopted to analyze the collected data. The final results indicate a spatial variation in the (NDVI), where it increases from (1666.91 𝑘𝑚2) in 2015 to (1697.01 𝑘𝑚2)) in 2020 between the t

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 11 2026
Journal Name
Journal Mustansiriyah Of Sports Science
The Effect of Ocular Reflex Exercises Using a Proposed Device on Eyes - Hands Coordination for Junior Boxers
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Mathematical Approach for Computing the Linear Equivalence of a Periodic Key-Stream Sequence Using Fourier Transform
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A mathematical method with a new algorithm with the aid of Matlab language is proposed to compute the linear equivalence (or the recursion length) of the pseudo-random key-stream periodic sequences using Fourier transform. The proposed method enables the computation of the linear equivalence to determine the degree of the complexity of any binary or real periodic sequences produced from linear or nonlinear key-stream generators. The procedure can be used with comparatively greater computational ease and efficiency. The results of this algorithm are compared with Berlekamp-Massey (BM) method and good results are obtained where the results of the Fourier transform are more accurate than those of (BM) method for computing the linear equivalenc

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 25 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The Effect of Training Exercises Using an Innovative Device on Developing Skill Performance Among Female Foil Fencers
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