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Enhanced conversion of Glycerol to Glycerol carbonate on modified Bio-Char from reed plant: Enhanced conversion of Glycerol to Glycerol carbonate on modified Bio-Char from reed plant
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The surplus glycerol produced from biodiesel production process as a by-product with high quantity can be considered as a good source to prepare glycerol carbonate (GC) whereas with each 1000 kg from biodiesel obtains 100 kg from glycerol. Glycerol converted to glycerol carbonate over bio-char as a catalyst prepared by slow pyrolysis process under various temperatures from 400 ᴼC to 800 ᴼC. The char prepared at 700 ᴼC considered as a best one between the others which was manufactured to activate the transesterification reaction. GC have large scale of uses such as liquid membrane in gas separation, surfactants ,detergents , blowing agent , in plastics industry, in  Pharmaceutical industry and electrolytes in lithium batteries. Yield percent of GC is 9.3% without catalyze the reaction with char whereas in case of bio-char used the GC yield increases to 67.80%. When the catalyst modified with 3 molar concentration of sodium hydroxide, the yield of glycerol carbonate obtained 98.3% and complete conversion. All the reaction in this study performed under conditions 60ᴼC, 90 min, 3:1 DMC:G and 3%wt. catalyst loading.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2011
Journal Name
Ibn Al- Haitham J. For Pure & Appl. Sci.
Image Compression Using Proposed Enhanced Run Length Encoding Algorithm
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In this paper, we will present proposed enhance process of image compression by using RLE algorithm. This proposed yield to decrease the size of compressing image, but the original method used primarily for compressing a binary images [1].Which will yield increasing the size of an original image mostly when used for color images. The test of an enhanced algorithm is performed on sample consists of ten BMP 24-bit true color images, building an application by using visual basic 6.0 to show the size after and before compression process and computing the compression ratio for RLE and for the enhanced RLE algorithm.

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 28 2021
Journal Name
2021 1st Babylon International Conference On Information Technology And Science (bicits)
Enhanced Twitter Community Detection using Node Content and Attributes
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Wastewater Bio-solids Management for Fertilizer Quality Using Co- composting Process
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Co-composting process can be acquired by combining organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with sewage sludge (SS) and mature compost (MC) as enhancement and bulking agent to overcome the problems of municipal solid waste and wastewater treatment plants besides the finally produced fertilizer usage for agriculture and horticulture. The effects of different mixture ratios of (OFMSW), (SS) and (MC) on the performance of composting process were investigated in this study. Piles of about 10 kg were prepared by mixing OFMSW, SS and MC in three different ratios (w/w) [OFMSW: SS: MC= 3:1:1, 3:2:1, and 3:3:1]. Results showed that the pile [3:1:1] was most beneficial to composting. The final compost products contained a

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 15 2014
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
Mechanism of plant salinity stress tolerance
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of modified nanohydroxyapatite fillers addition on some properties of heat cured acrylic denture base materials
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Background: Poly (methylmethacrylate) is not ideal in every aspect and has disadvantages such as insufficient surface hardness, increase water sorption and poor impact resistance and the latter being the primary cause of fracture of denture base resins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of silanized nano- hydroxyapatite (HA) on some properties of heat cured acrylic denture base material. Materials and methods: HA nano particles were first silanized with MPS (tri methacryloxypropyletrimethoxy silane coupling agent) then ultrasonicated with methylmethacrylate (monomer) to disperse agglomerated nano particles and mixed with polymer. 2% by wt of HA nano particles was selected as the best concentration that add

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 12 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Enhanced Relative Humidity Sensor via Diameter of No-Core Fiber Structure
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Single mode-no core-single mode fiber structure with a section of tuned no-core fiber diameter to sense changes in relative humidity has been experimentally demonstrated. The sensor performance with tuned NCF diameter was investigated to maximize the evanescent fields. Different tuned diameters of of (100, 80, and 60)μm were obtained by chemical etching process based on hydrofluoric acid immersion. The highest wavelength sensitivity was obtained 184.57 pm/RH% in the RH range of 30% –100% when the no-core fiber diameter diameter was 60 μm and the sensor response was in real-time measurements

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 04 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Factorial Structure of The Emotional Intelligence Scale to Bar-On Applied on Students from Preparatory School in Baghdad City.
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The aim of the study was to know the factors analysis of scale Bar-On & Parker, post analysis is found fourteen factors for the first degree of the scale. Also we extracted five factors from the second degree.

  The scale consists of (60) items , applied on sample of (200) students (Male &Female ) age (15-18) years randomly chosen from preparatory schools . The scale unveiled satis factors  validity and reliability. An others aims is to low the  emotional  Intelligence level and  know the difference of statistical in sex , age variable and the specialization variable .The result was no difference of statistical in sex and specialization variable , but the difference appear

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Adsorption of Some Trace Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Non Living Biomass of Sub Merged Aquatic Plant Ceratophyllum demersum
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Heavy metals contamination in aquatic ecosystems is considered one of the most important threats of aquatic life. Submerge aquatic plants Ceratophyllum demersum in its non living form used for the removal of trace elements. This article studied the ability of the fine powder of C.demersum for the removal of some heavy metals (HM) like copper, cadmium, lead and chrome from aqueous solution with in variable experimental factors. The study occupy two treatments the first included different hydrogen ions pH within a range of 4, 5,6and 8 with a constant HM concentration (1000 ppm).While the second treatment represented by using variable HM concentrations within a range of (250,500,750and 1000 ppm) with a constant pH=7.In both treatments the a

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Sand Modified with Nanoparticles of Calcium, Aluminum, and CTAB in the Form of Layered Double Hydroxide for Removing of Amoxicillin from Groundwater
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The addition of new reactive sites on the surface area of the inert sand, which are represented by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles, is the primary goal of this work, which aims to transform the sand into a reactive material. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant is used in the reaction of calcium extracted from solid waste-chicken eggshells with aluminum prepared from the cheapest coagulant-alum. By separating amoxicillin from wastewater, the performance of coated sand named as "sand coated with (Ca/Al-CTAB)-LDH" was evaluated. Measurements demonstrated that pH of 12 from 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, CTAB dosage of 0.05 g from 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 g, ratio of Ca/Al of 2 from 1, 2, 3, and 4, and mass of sand of 1 g/50 mL from

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 13 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of some plant extracts on germination and seeding of Raphanus sativus and effect on surface growth of Rhizoctonia solani
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The experiment was conducted to study the effect of leaves extract of Salvia sclarea , Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris with 10% and 30% concentration on germination of seeds and growth of seedlings . The effect of these extracts on infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of Rhizoctonia solani . The results showed that the three extracts effected significantly to reduced percentage of seeds germination, acceleration of germination , promoter indicator , infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of R. solani especially in 30% concentration .