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Performance of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Systems in the Treatment of Al-Rustumia Municipal Wastewater using Continuous Loading Feed
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This study aimed at comparing the performance of vertical, horizontal and hybrid subsurface flow systems in secondary treatment for the effluent wastewater from the primary basins at Al-Rustumia wastewater treatment plant, Baghdad, Iraq. The treatments were monitored for six weeks while the testsduration were from 4 to 12 September 2018 under continuous wastewater feeding for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS),ammonia-nitrogen(NH4-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) in comparison with FAO and USEPA standards for effluent discharge to evaluate the suitability of treated water for irrigation purposes. Among the systems planted with Phragmites Australia, the hybrid subsurface flow system which consisted of vertical unit followed by horizontal one, considerably removed the pollutants more efficiently than the single operated systems. The planted hybrid subsurface flow wetland system was achieved the highest removal with a mean removal rate of COD,TSS, NH4-N, and PO4-Pat 99.3, 83.2,67.4 and 53% respectively and these percentages were decreased in the other systems. The results proved that the planted vertical subsurface flow unit can be removed the COD, TSS, NH4-N and PO4-Pwith values of 93, 71.1, 43.3 and 30.7%, respectively while the achieved removals by horizontal subsurface flow unit of 99, 74.3, 54.5 and 20.3%, respectively. The planted horizontal subsurface flow wetland, however, showed a good efficacy for all parameters in the treatment process except for PO4-P when it is compared with vertical system, however, there is a clear increase in the NO3-N effluent concentration for all treatment units.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Organizational Red Tapes and their Reflections on Entrepreneurial Orientation: an Exploratory Study of a Sample of Employees in Some Organizations in the Province of Ninewah
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Organizations adopt a number of procedures and instructions in their field of activities in order to aid their resources development   and energies to serve their entrepreneurial orientations. This calls for preparing a range of mechanisms to mitigate the strictness and complexity of procedures. The ambiguity and severe  complexity  of procedures means acknowledging the loss in energy and this in turn  impedes the hopes while in the same time weakens the  enthusiasm in these organizations and an impedes the possibility to achieve continues innovation, thereby losing opportunities to the level of surrender to the risks and  assuming them to be unconquered obstacles.

There

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Sudden Transition of Pharmacy Education from Traditional to Distance Learning in the Era of COVID-19: Action Steps of a Leading Pharmacy School in Iraq
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Education around the world has been negatively affected by the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Many institutions had to transition to distance learning in compliance with the enforced safety measures. Distance learning might work well for settings with stable internet connections, professional technical teams, and basic implementation of technology in education. In contrast, distance learning faces serious challenges in less fortunate settings with inferior infrastructure. This report aims to shed light on the immediate action steps taken at a leading pharmacy school in Iraq to accommodate for the enforced changes in pharmacy education. The University of Baghdad College of Pharmacy went from less than minimal technology impl

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
THE LEVEL OF SUNN PEST OOPHAGOUS PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) IN INFESTED WHEAT FIELDS OF NORTHERN GOVERNORATE IN IRAQ WITH AN IDENTIFICATION KEY OF TRISSOLCUS SPECIS
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Surveys has done for collecting Sunn Pest which been parasitized by oophagous parasitoids
in infested wheat fields of villages around Erbil, Sulimanya and Dohuk governorates from
April to the end of May 2010, the result showed that a high rat of eggs hatching was 96.3%
within Erbil governorate and its cleared from results that not all laid eggs had been hatched
normally . The percentage ratio of egg parasitism in general was low in most studied villages.
In this study: Trissolcus grandis Thompson, Trissolcus semistriotus Nees., and Telenomus sp.
on sunn pest eggs has been observed. Identification keys supported with figures were
formulated to identify of these species.

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Christian Taghlib tribe in the first century A.H: The Christian Taghlib tribe in the first century A.H
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Abstract:
Taghlib tribe had an important part in the history of the first century of
hijra. She managed to get the best social, economic and political basis in the
Arab- Islamic state. In this basis Taghlib was the best Dhimies in the Islamic
state. This tribe refused to be among the people of the book, and to be from
the people of dhima. That tribe refused to pay the Jizya and Khraj, but
accepted to pay double Sadaqa in stead of Jizya and Khraj, so in that case
many Muslims become angry.
Although their Christianity was naïve and simple, Taghlib hold it until the
end of the third century A.H. Taghlib did so because her people wanted to
keep their good relation with the Byzantine. Taghlib thought that the

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
EL ANÁLISIS DE ERRORES DEL LEÍSMO Y LAÍSMO EN EL PAPEL DIDÁCTICO PARA LOS ALUMNOS DEL DEPARTAMENTO ESPAÑOLEN LA FACULTAD DE LENGUAS EN IRAK Search Summary: The analysis of the mistakes of the personal pronouns in effect replaces him in the
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During the educational practices in the Spanish department at the Faculty of Languages ​​, University of Baghdad , we noticed that the personal pronouns in effect replaced by the direct and indirect characterized hardly be expressed , and the difficulty of her education.

Rationale: I chose this topic because the personal pronouns differ between the Spanish language and the Arabic language. We believe that this study may be useful not only for language teachers, but also for students, because it can contribute to a greater awareness of and correct weaknesses.

Objectives: To apply the model from which to address the problems in the use of personal pronouns Spanish , and the difference between effect of direct and indire

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Robust estimation of multiple linear regression parameters in the presence of a problem of heterogeneity of variance and outliers values
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Often times, especially in practical applications, it is difficult to obtain data that is not tainted by a problem that may be related to the inconsistency of the variance of error or any other problem that impedes the use of the usual methods represented by the method of the ordinary least squares (OLS), To find the capabilities of the features of the multiple linear models, This is why many statisticians resort to the use of estimates by immune methods Especially with the presence of outliers, as well as the problem of error Variance instability, Two methods of horsepower were adopted, they are the robust weighted least square(RWLS)& the two-step robust weighted least square method(TSRWLS), and their performance was verifie

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of transparency on job satisfaction: An applied research in sample of national insurance companies
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Transparency considered being one of the modern administrational terms which started to be largely used in the last period, because of its political, economical, social and cultural dimensions. As well as, its administrational dimension that helps to create a work environment marked by order and flawless from wrong practices and Transparency provides credibility to the sides that pursue it in their practices, till it became a mean of distinction. The choice of the subject of the research ((Transparency and its effect on Level of Job satisfactions of Workers in General Insurance company)), which aims to measure the effect of Transparency in Level of Job satisfactions of Workers in Insurance company. Came in the time when many countries te

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Hepatoprotective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Camellia sinensis Against Methotrexate-induced Liver Damage in Rats
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Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist widely used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases; its biotransformation in the liver produced active metabolites that promote hepatotoxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis (Green tea) against MTX-induced liver damage in rats. A model of liver injury in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 20mg/kg MTX as a single dose followed by saline and 1.25% and 2.5% aqueous extract of green tea (GTE) were orally administered 7 days prior and 5 days after MTX-intoxication as a sole source of drinking water. After killing the animals, blood samples were obtained for evaluation of serum levels of alanine and

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 25 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Impact of Two Doses of Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7) on Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact two doses of Menaquinones-7 on hepatotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats. Sixty adult rats of both sexes were used in this study; the animals were randomly enrolled into six groups of 10 animals each. Group I: negative control (rats administered distilled water); Group II: Menaquinones-7 at a dose of  16 µg/kg; Group III: Menaquinones-7 at a dose of 48 µg/kg; Group IV: positive control (Doxorubicin 15 mg/kg); Group V: Menaquinones-7 at a dose of 16 µg/kg administered prior to a single dose of Doxorubicin 15 mg/kg; Group VI: Menaquinones-7 at a dose of 48 µg/kg administered prior to a single dose of  Doxorubicin 15 mg/kg. On day twelve of the study, blood was

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 06 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Effectiveness of cooperative learning in at the implementation of floral material for celli graph and decoration
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The purpose of this resesrh know (the effectiveness of cooperative lerarning implementation of floral material for calligraphy and ornamentation) To achieve the aim of the research scholar put the two zeros hypotheses: in light of the findings of the present research the researcher concluded a number of conclusions, including: -
1 - Sum strategy helps the learner to be positive in all the information and regulations, monitoring and evaluation during the learning process.
2 - This strategy helps the learner to use information and knowledge and their use in various educational positions, and to achieve better education to increase its ability to develop thinking skills and positive trends towards the article.
In light of this, the

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