An investigation was conducted for the improvement of viscosity index of light lubricating oil fraction (40 stock)
obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery, using solvent extraction process.
In this study furfural solvent was used to extract the undesirable materials which reduce the viscosity index of raw
lubricating oil fraction.
The studied effecting variables of extraction were extraction temperature range from 70 to 110°C, and solvent to oil
ratio range from 1:1 to 4:1 (wt/wt).
The n-d-M method was used for calculation of carbon distribution and structural group analysis of the raffinate
produced from furfural extraction.
Also the three component phase diagram for a mixed-base oil and furfural at different temperature was drawn.
The results of this investigation show that the viscosity index of lubricating oil fraction increases with increasing
extraction temperature and increasing the solvent to oil ratio and reaches 115.6 at extraction temperature 110°C and
solvent to oil ratio 4:1.
Further more, the results show that the viscosity, refractive index, density, sulfur content and percentage yield of
produced raffinate were decreased as the extraction temperature or solvent to oil ratio increases for extraction process.
ABSTRACT Background: Improving the properties of heat- cured and self-cured acrylic resin have been studied by many researchers. However, little studies concerned with visible light cured resin (VLCR) improved through addition of nanofiller are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate some properties of (VLCR) after addition of SiO2 nanofiller. Materials and Methods: SiO2 nanofiller were added to (VLCR) tray material after being dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. According to the pilot study 2% SiO2 nanofiller addition exhibited better properties than the other percentages (1%, 3%). The main study conducted involved (100) specimens divided into 5 groups according to the test included. (20) Specimens were selecte
... Show MoreThe Mesopotamian marshlands faced a massive destruction from many years and this lead to effect to ecosystem. In this study a survey was made on the physical chemical and heavy metals characteristics and microbiological analysis of AL Chibaish marsh during the two months. Water analyses revealed unacceptable values for almost all physiochemical and biological properties, according to WHO standard limits for drinking water. Almost all major ions and heavy metal concentrations in water showed a distinct decreasing trend at the marsh outlet station compared to other stations. In general, major and minor ions, as well as heavy metals exhibit higher concentrations in location 1 than in location 3. The concentrations of heavy metals in water show
... Show MoreThis paper is illustrates the sufficient conditions of the uniformly asymptotically stable and the bounded of the zero solution of fifth order nonlinear differential equation with a variable delay τ(t)
Ischemic heart disease is a major causes of heart failure. Heart failure patients have predominantly left ventricular dysfunction (systolic or diastolic dysfunction, or both). Acute heart failure is most commonly caused by reduced myocardial contractility, and increased LV stiffness. We performed echocardiography and gated SPECT with Tc99m MIBI within 263 patients and 166 normal individuals. Left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured. For all degrees of ischemia, there was a significant difference between ejection fraction values measured by SPECT and echo
International trade in services is becoming increasingly important as it is an economic activity that deals with invisible trade, which has become increasingly important in the balance of international trade. The establishment of the WTO is a starting point in international trade relations. It is responsible for all aspects of international trade, , And in view of the continued increase in international trade in services, the need for more internationally recognized rules has become more urgent, especially as it has been increasingly proven that the traditional framework of public services is inadequate to operate some of the most dynamic and innovative sectors of the economy. (GATS) to be the regulatory framework for this sector
... Show MoreThe determination hardness in water raised to rivers caused several problem in the validity of the water used depends on where determination ions concentration calcium and magnesium in salts carbonate and sulfate , this possibility of separation between of these ions and the resulting impact on concentration and determination the degree of hardness water and appreciation between the insolvent water quality . It study the effect of the impact of concentration magnesium ion in determination the quality of the water has turned out to be Mg concentration more than 60% of the total content of hardness is borderline in hardness effect the determination. Adopted in this research determination the ions in two method titration by EDTA solution and
... Show MoreThis study aims to propose a novel research model to test the nexus between green human resource management processes, strategic excellence and the sustainability of educational institutions in Iraqi academic settings.
This examination in Iraqi higher education is finalised across three key stages: determining the knowledge gaps, reviewing the literature and building the hypothesised conceptual model. A case study complemented by a quantitative methodology using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fungi Gigaspora margarita and Glomus desriticola in stimulating the resistance of the capsicum annuum L. towards the chromium and lead after 60 days, planting and using the pots in the glass house. The highest concentration of chromium and lead in the root was found in the presence of the mycorrhizal mixture (194.93, 150.40) μg / g, respectively, compared to the lowest concentration (90.69, 79.37) μg / g respectively, while the highest concentration of chromium and lead in the shoot was found in the presence of the mycorrhizal mixture (94.63, 79.33) μg / g respectively, compared with the lowest concentration in the control treatment (72.58, 60.70) μg / g respectively. The results
... Show Moreھدف البحث الـــــى : ١ -إعداد تدریبات القوة الارتدادیة في وسطین متباینین على بعض المؤشرات الفسیولوجیة لتطویر القوة الانفجاریة ودقة مھارتي الأرسال والضرب الساحق بالكرة الطائرة . ٢ -التعرف على تأثیر تدریبات القوة الارتدادیة في وسطین متباینین على بعض المؤشرات الفسیولوجیة لتطویر القوة الانفجاریة.. ٣ -التعرف على تأثیر تدریبات القوة الارتدادیة في وسطین متباینین على دقة مھارتي الأرسال والضرب الساحق بالكرة الطائرة
... Show MoreThe bodies responsible for the organization of accounting in the world seek to keep abreast of repaid development, by provide the information required by users, which they need to make efficient decision that return them to the desired benefits, and avoid the risks they could face if they made their decision based on misleading information, or insufficient, or not accurate, Hence, the IASB has undertaken to review the standards, and make the necessary adjustment and clarifications to remove the ambiguities that some of the paragraphs may have in IFRS issued.
And the Iraqi Central Bank obliges banks to convert from local accounting standards to apply IFRS only a step towards keeping pace with developments
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