An investigation was conducted for the improvement of viscosity index of light lubricating oil fraction (40 stock)
obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery, using solvent extraction process.
In this study furfural solvent was used to extract the undesirable materials which reduce the viscosity index of raw
lubricating oil fraction.
The studied effecting variables of extraction were extraction temperature range from 70 to 110°C, and solvent to oil
ratio range from 1:1 to 4:1 (wt/wt).
The n-d-M method was used for calculation of carbon distribution and structural group analysis of the raffinate
produced from furfural extraction.
Also the three component phase diagram for a mixed-base oil and furfural at different temperature was drawn.
The results of this investigation show that the viscosity index of lubricating oil fraction increases with increasing
extraction temperature and increasing the solvent to oil ratio and reaches 115.6 at extraction temperature 110°C and
solvent to oil ratio 4:1.
Further more, the results show that the viscosity, refractive index, density, sulfur content and percentage yield of
produced raffinate were decreased as the extraction temperature or solvent to oil ratio increases for extraction process.
Thin film technology is one of the most important technologies
that have contributed to the development of semiconductors and their
applications in several industrial fields. The Iron Oxides (Fe20) and
(Co3O4) thin films and their applications are of importance, in that these
two materials are considered as important industrial materials, and used
in spectrally selective coating, temperature sensors, resistive heaters, and
photo cells.
Thin films of Iron Oxide (Fe20,), Cobalt Oxide (Co304) and
their mixtures in different ratios (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) were prepared by
the method of chemical spray pyrolysis deposition at different thicknesses
(77s t S200) nm on cover-glass substrates: thickness of (1) mm at
Abstract
The study aims to identify the reality of knowledge management in decision-making in academic departments from the point of view of faculty members at Blonde University. It also aims to propose mechanisms and suggestions to improve decision-making in the academic departments of the university in light of the management of knowledge. To achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive method was used, in which a questionnaire consisted of (40) items administered to (137) participants of the faculty members. The results of the study indicated that the reality of the application of knowledge management in the decision-making process showed a high score mean. There are no statistically significant d
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to analyze the content of the science textbook for 7th grade Iraqi schools in the light of the educational concepts of sustainable development, the science textbook (1st edition), for the academic year 2017-2018. To this end, the researchers prepared list of issues in the light of the educational concepts of sustainable development, consisted of (13) issues, branched to (51) subissues, presented to a group of arbitrators and specialists in science curriculum and methods of teaching. The researchers analyzed the content of the 7th grade science textbook, in the light of the list that is built, the idea has been adopted as a unit of analysis. One of the most important findings is attention to neglected sub-issues o
... Show MoreThis study aimed to determine the level of spiritual intelligence among students of educational psychology course at the Jerash University. and whether this level of varies depend on the gender of the student as well as the college type. The study sample consisted of (180) male and female students of bachelor students at the University Jerash, in the second semester of academic year2014-2015. The main results of the study were that the level of spiritual
Intelligence of Jerash University students was high. More over There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) due to the effect of gender, college type or academic achievement
Pera Magroon anticline is located within the northeastern of Iraq, covering area estimated by 958 Km2. The Landsat ETM+ false color composite imagery was produced by assigning [741] bands. It is used to distinguish alluvial fans in the southwestern limb of Pera Magroon anticline. Digital elevation models (DEM) were used for describing topographic features related to the alluvial fans, as well as, three dominations model (3D) was created from (DEM) and the Landsat ETM+ image.
Arc GIS, hydro tool set was used to draw the drainage patterns, the area of study was covered by dendritic and parallel patterns. Contour lines across the fans form segments of ellipses reveal the pattern of tectonic act
... Show MoreThis study was designed to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe on the histology of corpus luteum and the concentration of the hormones progesterone and estrogen during the first trimester of pregnancy (0 - 7) days from fertilization. 30 pregnant mice were divided into five experimental groups: control group (administrated with distilled water), and four groups treated at doses (284, 568, 1136,1420 mg / kg), orally administrated , daily with (0.1 ml). Microscopic examination results have shown histopathological changes in corpus luteum included: Pyknosis in some nuclei of granulosa cells, Karyorrhexis, Karyolysis in some granulosa cells, and necrosis in corpus luteum, with additional significant dec
... Show More
Different formula of bioagents (Rhizobium cicceri cp-93, Azospirillum sp.,
Pseudomonas fluorescence, Trichoderma harzianum ) used in this study as a
biofertilizer on wheat crop with two level of chemical fertilizer (0 and 12.5
kg/donm Dap) compared to 50kg/donm Dap (standard amount).the study carried out
in Iraq/Diyala –Alkhales during November 2014,results showed significant increase
in no. of spikes, no. of spikelet’s, length of spike ,Weight of 1000 seed and yield of
one m2 when adding (Rhizobium cicceri cp-93,Azospirillumsp+ Trichoderma
harzianum +12.5 kg/donm Dap) in comparison with the 50kg/donm Dap. Other
formulas recorded same results with the treatment 50kg/Donm Dap with not
significant differences
Double hydrothermal method was used to prepare nano gamma alumina using aluminum nitrate nano hydrate and sodium aluminate as an aluminum source, CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) as surfactant, and variable acids: weak acids like; citric, and acitic acids, and strong acids like; hydrochloric and nitric acids as a bridge between aluminum salts and surfactant. Different crystallization times 12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs were applied. All the batches were prepared at pH equals to 9. XRD diffraction technique was used to investigate the crystalline nano gamma alumina pure from surfactant. N2 adsorption-desorption (BET) was used to measure the surface area and pore volume of the prepared nano alumina, the average p
... Show MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pumice, burning investment material
and black sand on the surface roughness of heat cure acrylic resin.
Methodology: Sixty specimens were prepared from pink heat cure acrylic resin, the specimens
where grouped into; 20 specimens which polished with pumice and water (control group); 20
specimens which polished with investment material (after burning it) and water; and 20 specimens
which polished with black sand and water. The average surface roughness of specimens after
polishing procedure had been determined by profilometer (surface roughness tester).
Results: Through the application of ANOVA and LSD tests, the result of this study showed that there
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