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Study of Catalysts Deactivation in Isomerization Process to Produce High Octane Gasoline
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In this study  the isomerization of desulfuerized light Iraqi petroleum naphtha (Al-Dura Refinery) with boiling point range of 37 to 124 °C , 80.5 API specific gravity and 68.2 octane number has been investigated. Two types of catalysts were prepared (Pt/HX and Pt/SrX) by impregnation of 0.8 wt% Pt on l 3X-zeolite. The catalyst activity and selectivity toward isomerization, and catalyst deactivation were investigated.

The isomerization unit consisted of a vertical tubular stainless steel reactor of 2 cm internal diameter, 3 cm external diameter and 68 cm height. The operating pressure was atmospheric for all experimental runs.  The liquid flow of light­naphtha was 0.4 Uh, and the catalyst weight was 50 gm, H/ H.C ratio used was 4 for all experimental runs. The isomerization process was studied at different temperatures of 250, 270, 275, 300, 325, and 350 °C . It was found that, the optimum isomerization temperature is 270 °C.

The isomerization activities and selectivities as a function of time showed high activity at the beginning of the reaction and were deactivated rapidly. This indicates that the deactivation of Pt/HX and Pt/SrX results from the blocking of pore mouth by the deposited carbon. The following deactivation decreasing order, Pt/HX > Pt/SrX was found. On the other hand, Pt/HX catalyst shows higher activity and selectivity than that of Pt/SrX

It was concluded that, only an average o/ 90 wt% of the carbon atoms feed  into the reactor (light naphtha) is detected " the product stream due to formation of coke deposits which leads to catalyst deactivation. The results clearly showed 1at hydrogen is necessary for the hydrogenation of olefins in order to prevent oligomerization reaction that leads to coke formation and catalyst deactivation.

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Digital Photo credibility and its reflection on the cognitive process of journalistic image of Viewers: زيـاد طـارق شـــاكر
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Represent the current study and tagged (the credibility of digital image and its reflection on the process of cognitive picture releases) scientific effort is designed to detect realizing press releases and the extent affected the credibility of the digital image by selecting the relationship between digital photo and the extent of their credibility on the one hand and between the process of cognition and Press Photo of the hand Other than the consequent establishment researcher collects materials to serve the scientific research topic in three chaptersCombine the first one methodological framework for the search of the research problem and its significance and the desired objective be achieved together with the definition of the most im

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 12 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The possibility of adopting a market approach to measure the fair value of biological assets in Iraq: (Applied study in Middle East Fish Production and Marketing Company)
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The research aims to show the possibility of adopting the market approach to measure the fair value of biological assets in Iraq, by applying to a sample of the company listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, where the Middle East Fish Production and Marketing Company was selected from among 7 companies representing the agricultural sector in Iraq, and according to the availability of data and for five years, the financial statements were presented of the measurement and disclosure of  biological assets at fair value according to the market approach, One of the most important conclusions reached by the researcher is the The possibility of measuring and disclosing biological assets at fair value according to the market approach in the Ira

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Developing a Learning Organization According to Analysis of the Relationship between Knowledge Gap and Strategic Performance Gaps: Field Study in a Sample of Private Banks in Baghdad.
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The purpose of this research shed light on the analysis of the relationship between the knowledge gap and the strategic performance  gap and diagnose the level of impact this relationship in building a learning organization, and sought search to achieve a number of goals, cognitive and Applied been tested nature of the relationship and effect between variables in a sample size (62) of the managers of banks civil in Baghdad (Baghdad, Gulf, Assyria, Union, Elaf) and focused research problem in question is bold is whether the analysis of the relationship between the knowledge gap and the performance gap strategic leads to recognize organizations need to shift to organizations educated, either in the side of the field was the pr

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 08 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Study of Apelin-36 and GST Levels with Their Relationship to Lipid and Other Biochemical Parameters in the Prediction of Heart Diseases in PCOS Women Patients
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This work studies the role of serum apelin-36 and Glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity in association with the hormonal, metabolic profiles and their link to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy and patients' ladies with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of fifty-four (PCOS) patients and thirty-one healthy woman as a control have been studied. The PCOS patients were subdivided on the basis of body-mass-index (BMI), into 2-subgroups (the first group was obese-PCOS with BMI ≥ 30 and the second group was non-obese PCOS MBI<30). Fasting-insulin-levels and Lipid-profile, Homeostatic-model assessment-of-insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR), follicle-stimulating-hormone (FSH), luteinizing-hormone (LH), testosterone and

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Forward and Reverse Osmosis Process for Recovery and Re-use of Water from Polluted Water by Phenol
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The research aims to apply the novel forward osmosis (FO) process to recover pure water
from contaminated water. Phenol was used as organic substance in the feed solution, while sodium
chloride salt was used as draw solution. Membranes used in the FO process is the cellulose
triacetate (CTA) and polyamide (thin film composite (TFC)) membrane. Reverse osmosis process
was used to treatment the draw solution, the exterior from the forward osmosis process. In the FO
process the active layer of the membrane faces the feed solution and the porous support layer faces
the draw solution and this will show the effect of dilutive internal concentration polarization and
concentrative external concentration polarization.
In th

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Cultivation of Chlorella Vulgaris Using Airlift Photobioreactor Sparged with 5%CO 2 -Air as a Biofixing Process
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The present paper addresses cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae using airlift photobioreactor that sparged with 5% CO 2 /air. The experimental data were compared with that obtained from bioreactor aerated with air and unsparged bioreactor. The results showed that the concentration of biomass is 0.36 g l -1  in sparged bioreactor with CO2/air, while, the concentration of biomass reached to 0.069 g l -1  in the unsparged bioreactor. They showed also that aerated  ioreactor.with CO2/air gives more biomass production even the bioreactor was aerated with air. This study proved that application of sparging system for  ultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae using either CO2/air mixture or air has a significant

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Ecological Engineering
Modification of Electro-Fenton Process with Granular Activated Carbon for Phenol Degradation – Optimization by Response Surface Methodology
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As a result of rapid industrialization and population development, toxic chemicals have been introduced into water systems in recent decades. Because of its excellent efficiency and simple design, the three-dimensional (3D) electro-Fenton method has been used for the treatment of wastewater. The goal of the current study is to explore the efficiency of phenol removal by the 3D electro-Fenton process, which is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In the present work, the effect of the addition of granular activated carbon (GAC) particles to the electro-Fenton system as the third electrode would be investigated in the presence of graphite as the anode and nickel foam as the cathode, which is the source of electro-generated hydrogen

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Studying and Modeling the Effect of Graphite Powder Mixing Electrical Discharge Machining on the Main Process Characteristics
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Abstract

This paper concerned with study the effect of a graphite micro powder mixed in the kerosene dielectric fluid during powder mixing electric discharge machining (PMEDM) of high carbon high chromium AISI D2 steel. The type of electrode (copper and graphite), the pulse current and the pulse-on time and mixing powder in kerosene dielectric fluid are taken as the process main input parameters. The material removal rate MRR, the tool wear ratio TWR and the work piece surface roughness (SR) are taken as output parameters to measure the process performance. The experiments are planned using response surface methodology (RSM) design procedure. Empirical models are developed for MRR, TWR and SR, using the analysis

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2004
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Studying the Factors Effects on the Flowability of ZnO-CuO/γAl2O3 Catalyst Through Hopper Before Tableting Process
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Publication Date
Mon Sep 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Elimination of phenol by sonoelctrochemical process utilizing graphite, stainless steel, and titanium anodes: optimization by taguchi approach
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   Phenol is one of the worst-damaging organic pollutants, and it produces a variety of very poisonous organic intermediates, thus it is important to find efficient ways to eliminate it. One of the promising techniques is sonoelectrochemical processing. However, the type of electrodes, removal efficiency, and process cost are the biggest challenges. The main goal of the present study is to investigate the removal of phenol by a sonoelectrochemical process with different anodes, such as graphite, stainless steel, and titanium. The best anode performance was optimized by using the Taguchi approach with an L16 orthogonal array. the degradation of phenol sonoelectrochemically was investigated with three process parameters: current de

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