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Study of Catalysts Deactivation in Isomerization Process to Produce High Octane Gasoline
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In this study  the isomerization of desulfuerized light Iraqi petroleum naphtha (Al-Dura Refinery) with boiling point range of 37 to 124 °C , 80.5 API specific gravity and 68.2 octane number has been investigated. Two types of catalysts were prepared (Pt/HX and Pt/SrX) by impregnation of 0.8 wt% Pt on l 3X-zeolite. The catalyst activity and selectivity toward isomerization, and catalyst deactivation were investigated.

The isomerization unit consisted of a vertical tubular stainless steel reactor of 2 cm internal diameter, 3 cm external diameter and 68 cm height. The operating pressure was atmospheric for all experimental runs.  The liquid flow of light­naphtha was 0.4 Uh, and the catalyst weight was 50 gm, H/ H.C ratio used was 4 for all experimental runs. The isomerization process was studied at different temperatures of 250, 270, 275, 300, 325, and 350 °C . It was found that, the optimum isomerization temperature is 270 °C.

The isomerization activities and selectivities as a function of time showed high activity at the beginning of the reaction and were deactivated rapidly. This indicates that the deactivation of Pt/HX and Pt/SrX results from the blocking of pore mouth by the deposited carbon. The following deactivation decreasing order, Pt/HX > Pt/SrX was found. On the other hand, Pt/HX catalyst shows higher activity and selectivity than that of Pt/SrX

It was concluded that, only an average o/ 90 wt% of the carbon atoms feed  into the reactor (light naphtha) is detected " the product stream due to formation of coke deposits which leads to catalyst deactivation. The results clearly showed 1at hydrogen is necessary for the hydrogenation of olefins in order to prevent oligomerization reaction that leads to coke formation and catalyst deactivation.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison of survival models to study determinants liver cancer
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Cancer is one of the dangerous diseases that afflict a person through injury to cells and tissues in the body, where a person is vulnerable to infection in any age group, and it is not easy to control and multiply between cells and spread to the body. In spite of the great progress in medical studies interested in this aspect, the options for those with this disease are few and difficult, as they require significant financial costs for health services and for treatment that is difficult to provide.

This study dealt with the determinants of liver cancer by relying on the data of cancerous tumours taken from the Iraqi Center for Oncology in the Ministry of Health 2017. Survival analysis has been used as a m

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2015
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
The Influence of Design and Technological Parameters on the MAF Process
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Abstract

 Experimental work from Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) tests was carried out design parameters (amplitude, and number of cycle which are formed the shape of electromagnetic pole), and technological parameters (current, cutting speed, working gap, and finishing time) all have an influence on the mechanical properties of the surface layer in MAF process. This research has made to study the effect of design and technological parameters on the surface roughness (Ra), micro hardness (Hv) and material removal (MR) in working zone. A set of experimental tests has been planned using response surface methodology according to Taguchi matrix (36) with three levels and six factors

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 24 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Role of Education in Enhancing the Value of Citizenship in Children through the Interactive Life Process in Educational Institutions
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The aim of the research is to diagnose the methods of enhancing the value of citizenship in children through the interactive life process in educational institutions; the descriptive approach was used to achieve the objective by identifying social theories that corresponded to the national value or the theoretical principles of citizenship education. The study focused on educational activities and their role in establishing values, national educational philosophy in interactive activities, as well as the presentation of previous studies on the subject of citizenship, and maps of each of the strategies of active learning, skills in the process of interactive life in the field of education, Institutions that have the responsibility to prom

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 30 2008
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Luqman's commandments to his son: Objective study
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God  urged to read the Holy Qur’an and to ponder it is commanded, and the Most High said:  That they ponder over His verses and that those with insights remember ().
And this book that God Almighty sent down to the heart of His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is as clear as the sun and the moon.
It is a book of guidance and the constitution of a nation that is the best nation brought forth for mankind, and God has taken care of its preservation as He said:  We have sent down the Remembrance, and we are its guardians.
This has been chosen for this topic (Luqman's commandments to his son) for what we see today in our time and society from the loss of morals and values and the neglect of parents to their chi

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Factors Affecting Attaching Ruling to Its Cause (Illah) or to Its Reason (Hikmah): A Study in Usul Al Fiqh
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There is a theoretical controversy in the books of Usul al-Fiqh, in the past and the present, about whether the ruling should be attached to its reason (al-Hikmah), or its apparent and stable cause (al-Illah). Looking at the practical cases of the jurists, we found them sometimes attaching rulings to its reason, and sometimes to its cause, so there is a need to know the factors that affect their choices. By extrapolation, the researcher reached at nine factors that affect referring the ruling to its cause or to its reason in jurisprudential cases.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
STUDY THE EFFECT OF MICROENCAPSULATION OF PROBIOTIC TO INCREASE SURVIVALITY TOWARDS MILK PASTEURIZERTREATMENT WHICH AVAILABLE IN LOCAL MARKETS.: STUDY THE EFFECT OF MICROENCAPSULATION OF PROBIOTIC TO INCREASE SURVIVALITY TOWARDS MILK PASTEURIZERTREATMENT WHICH AVAILABLE IN LOCAL MARKETS.
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Lactobacillus Plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were encapsulated using 3% of alginate via extrusion technique. And the probiotics capsules produced were further coated used 1% chitosan to increase the survival of probiotics, and evaluation of The heat resistance of the slow pasteurization and fast pasteurization for Lb,pla and Lb.GG for control and bacteria coated one layer and bacteria coated two layer at 63°C/ 30 minutes and 72°C/ 15 seconds. The results indicate that the Probiotic coated two layer are more resistant to pasteurization temperatures at 63°C/ 30 minutes and 72°C/ 15 seconds than the Probiotic coated one layer. While the results of the control follow a significant reduction for viability of cell toward pasteuri

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Benford’s law to appreciation the risk in financial transactions: Application study in Baghdad University
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The financial fraud considers part of large concept to management and financial corruption, the financial fraud is appeared especially after corporate, that is Emerge agency theory, that is because recognize relationship between the management company and stakeholder, that is through group from constriction in order to block the management to fraud practice, that on the basis was choose another party in order fraud this practice and give opinion on financial statement, that consider basis decision making from stakeholder to basis the report auditor about creditability this is statement that reflect real activity for the company.The Auditor in order to lead work him Full professionalism to must using group from control Techniques, that is

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role of Benford’s law to appreciation the risk in financial transactions: Application study in Baghdad University
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The financial fraud considers part of large concept to management and financial corruption, the financial fraud is appeared especially after corporate, that is Emerge agency theory, that is because recognize relationship between the management company and stakeholder, that is through group from constriction in order to block the management to fraud practice, that on the basis was choose another party in order fraud this practice and give opinion on financial statement, that consider basis decision making from stakeholder to basis the report auditor about creditability this is statement that reflect real activity for the company.The Auditor in order to lead work him Full professionalism to must using group from control Techniques, that is

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 08 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Statistical Evaluation of the Planning Process and Scheduling Management for Irrigation and Drainage Projects in the Republic of Iraq
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The Research aims to investigate into reality in terms of planning and scheduling management process for sake the implementation and maintenance of irrigation and drainage projects in the Republic of Iraq, with an indication of the most important obstacles that impede the planning and scheduling management process for these projects and ways of addressing them and minimizing their effects.                                                  For the purpose of achieving the goal of the research, a sci

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Re-engineering management processes and its impact on the strategic decision-making process Field study on the College of Education / University of Mustansiriya / Iraq
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The aim of the research is to identify both the re-engineering of management processes and the strategic decision-making process in the research community and determine the nature of the correlation between the two variables and know the relationship between them to achieve the research goal. The researcher used a descriptive and analytical method. The research community consists of a group of professors and staff of the College of Education affiliated to the University of Mustansiriya in Baghdad, which their number were (45),  the researcher has distributed the forms to all members of the sample,  only (3) forms were excluded for invalidity and thus the number of forms approved in the analysis were (42) forms. The rese

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