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Study of Catalysts Deactivation in Isomerization Process to Produce High Octane Gasoline
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In this study  the isomerization of desulfuerized light Iraqi petroleum naphtha (Al-Dura Refinery) with boiling point range of 37 to 124 °C , 80.5 API specific gravity and 68.2 octane number has been investigated. Two types of catalysts were prepared (Pt/HX and Pt/SrX) by impregnation of 0.8 wt% Pt on l 3X-zeolite. The catalyst activity and selectivity toward isomerization, and catalyst deactivation were investigated.

The isomerization unit consisted of a vertical tubular stainless steel reactor of 2 cm internal diameter, 3 cm external diameter and 68 cm height. The operating pressure was atmospheric for all experimental runs.  The liquid flow of light­naphtha was 0.4 Uh, and the catalyst weight was 50 gm, H/ H.C ratio used was 4 for all experimental runs. The isomerization process was studied at different temperatures of 250, 270, 275, 300, 325, and 350 °C . It was found that, the optimum isomerization temperature is 270 °C.

The isomerization activities and selectivities as a function of time showed high activity at the beginning of the reaction and were deactivated rapidly. This indicates that the deactivation of Pt/HX and Pt/SrX results from the blocking of pore mouth by the deposited carbon. The following deactivation decreasing order, Pt/HX > Pt/SrX was found. On the other hand, Pt/HX catalyst shows higher activity and selectivity than that of Pt/SrX

It was concluded that, only an average o/ 90 wt% of the carbon atoms feed  into the reactor (light naphtha) is detected " the product stream due to formation of coke deposits which leads to catalyst deactivation. The results clearly showed 1at hydrogen is necessary for the hydrogenation of olefins in order to prevent oligomerization reaction that leads to coke formation and catalyst deactivation.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Employing the references of Shariah Audit in supporting Governance of Iraqi Islamic Banks: An analytically study
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The Islamic Banks including the Iraqi ones are often resorted to support their governance frameworks in order to improve its competitiveness in their communities. Where, those banks are looking for activities that enhance their governance; one of these activities is Shariah Audit that provided the auditing capabilities to face of developmental challenges and increase competitiveness. Therefore, the content of this paper, discusses know-how to use the Shariah Audit and its references in support of the Shariah Governance in the Iraqi Isla

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 20 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Effect of Low Energy Laser on the Healing of Tooth Extraction Wound: (Histological Study in Rat)
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Aims: This study was done to investigate the effect of low energy laser therapy on bone healing at the extraction site. Materials and methods:(24) male albino rats were exposed to the extraction procedure of the maxillary first molar on the first day of a seven day experiment and these animals were divided into two main groups; the control group and the laser group. The laser experiment involved using (Ga-As infrared diode laser) from optodent by directing the probe over the extraction site. The control group consisted of 4 rats, and the laser group was subdivided into 5 subgroups of 4 rats each. The laser dose was as follows: B1: a single dose of 5 minutes immediately after extraction.,

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences
Study the sustain release effect of different polymers used in the formulation of aspirin-rosuvastatin tablets
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Problem of Paradox and its Manifestations: A Study in the Titles of Najm Wali's Novels
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The irony pushes us to inquire about what is in the text of contradiction, irony, suspense, and other acts of paradox, as well as a departure from what is logical, or familiar, that attracts the attention of the addressee, and this is what drives us to introspect the text and interrogate it in order to get to know the intended product of the text or its real or metaphorical intent. On the other hand, the irony is more in the literary text than in the scientific texts. Therefore, critics add the word literature to it in their definition.

 As it is represented by the paradox, we will seek to study the paradox of the title and the problematic that it may pose as the beginning of the text, and i

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Arab World English Journal
Investigating Teachers of English Knowledge and Awareness of Dyslexia: A case study in Primary Iraqi Schools
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Dyslexia is a learning disability in which people face difficulty reading though they are intelligent and have motivation for reading. Therefore; it impacts the portion of the brain responsible for processing language. Such a condition compromises the learning efficiency of the affected person, which generally gets unnoticed. Even affected children are unaware of their state. The study investigates the knowledge and awareness of dyslexia among teachers of English in Iraqi primary schools. this study has three objectives: (i) To investigate the amount of awareness and knowledge among the primary school teachers of English in Baghdad City about dyslexia.; (ii) To examine how English teachers’ awareness of dyslexia is affected by the

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Conflict management and its relation to functional performance as perceived by secondary school managers toward the directors of directorates of education in wassat province
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The research aims to; identify the management of conflict as perceived by secondary school managers toward the directors of directorates of education in wassat province, identify functional performance as perceived by secondary school managers toward the directors of directorates of education in wassat province. Besides, explore the relationship between Conflict management and functional performance among the directors of directorates of education in wassat province. A descriptive approach deemed more appropriate with study design. As a tool to collect the data of current research, the author used a questionnaire. Spss tools were used for data analysis

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 15 2025
Journal Name
Nasaq
The Effectiveness of The Proposed Teaching strategy According to The Common Knowledge Construction Model in The Achievement of Students of The Second intermediate grade in Mathematics
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
8th Engineering And 2nd International Conference For College Of Engineering – University Of Baghdad: Coec8-2021 Proceedings
Optimal characteristics of wind turbine to maximize capacity factor
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The capacity factor is the main factor in assessing the efficiency of wind Turbine. This paper presents a procedure to find the optimal wind turbine for five different locations in Iraq based on finding the highest capacity factor of wind turbine for different locations. The wind data for twelve successive years (2009-2020) of five locations in Iraq are collected and analyzed. The longitudes and latitudes of the candidate sites are (44.3661o E, 33.3152o N), (47.7738o E, 30.5258o N), (45.8160o E, 32.5165o N), (44.33265o E, 32.0107o N) and (46.25691o E, 31.0510o N) for Baghdad, Basrah, Al-Kut, Al-Najaf, and Al-Nasiriyah respectively. The average wind velocity, standard deviation, Weibull shape and scale factors, and probability density functi

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 23 1989
Journal Name
J. Agric. Water Reso. Res 8 (1), 11-25‏
Response Of Two Barley Mutants CV. Arivat To Salinity‏
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Publication Date
Thu Aug 26 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Applied Mechanics And Engineering
Probabilistic Mesoscale Analysis of Concrete Beams Subjected to Flexure
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Abstract<p>In this paper, the probabilistic behavior of plain concrete beams subjected to flexure is studied using a continuous mesoscale model. The model is two-dimensional where aggregate and mortar are treated as separate constituents having their own characteristic properties. The aggregate is represented as ellipses and generated under prescribed grading curves. Ellipses are randomly placed so it requires probabilistic analysis for model using the Monte Carlo simulation with 20 realizations to represent geometry uncertainty. The nonlinear behavior is simulated with an isotropic damage model for the mortar, while the aggregate is assumed to be elastic. The isotropic damage model softening be</p> ... Show More
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