To reduce the effects of discharging heated water disposed into a river flow by a single thermal source, two parameters were changed to get the minimum effect using optimization. The first parameter is to distribute the total flow of the heated water between two disposal points (double source) instead of one and the second is to change the distance between these two points. In order to achieve the solution, a two dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate and predict the changes in temperature distribution in the river due to disposal of the heated water using these two points of disposal.
MATLAB-7 software was used to build a program that could solve the governing partial equations of thermal pollution in rivers by using the finite difference technique. The distribution of temperature in the river was presented by using the SURFER software that was used to draw the temperature contour lines and computing the areas of critical temperature (The area where the temperature exceed a certain selected value, which is believed to be critical for aquatic life). The optimum case was that which gave the minimum critical area.
The decision variables are the subdivided flow of the two disposal points, and the distance between these two points. The result had indicated that the optimum case can be achieved when the flow of first point was 0.1 from the total flow of heated water and the second was 0.9 from this total flow. The optimal distance between the two points was found to be 30 m.
Moisture damage is a primary mode of distress occurring in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements in Iraq. Because of the loss of bond, or stripping, caused by the presence of moisture between the asphalt and aggregate, which is a problem in some areas and can be severe in some cases, it is requires to evaluate the design asphalt mixture to moisture susceptibility. Many factors such as aggregate characteristics, asphalt characteristics, environment, traffic, construction practices and drainage can contribute to stripping. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their optimum asphalt content by superpave system and then tested to evaluate their engineering properties, which include tensile strength, resilient modulus, and perman
... Show MoreThis paper presents stochastic analysis using the perturbation method to model the structure of a container to verify the distributions of probability of maximum and minimum axial forces reactions in piles. The proposed simulation of a container port terminal under 11 scenarios of load combinations was presented. The probability distributions for live loads are assigned according to the input parameters of simulation data. Part of the load itself is implicitly combined such as vertical live load which includes the weight of equipment and containers and wind load. The structural model was simulated in the software STAAD Pro., while the statistical analyses were performed with MATLAB. The results demonstrated that, the most significant extern
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Three stations were chosen on the water treatment plan of al- madaan .The Samples collected from the (Raw water) and the Sedimentation, filtration and storage water and the drinking water of outlet. Coliform densities T.S and F.C and TS and F.S and total bacterial count as bacteriological pollution indicators, as moste probable number (MPN) method was studied in test. Also some of the chemical characteristics of the water like pH , total suspended solid T.S.S, T.D.D.and S04 , T.Hardness , Ca++ , Mg++ . From the results it were indicated . The study showed the drinking water of outlet (distriputed in system) was agree with WHO criteria and Iraqi limits standards .
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The Mesopotamian marshlands faced a massive destruction from many years and this lead to effect to ecosystem. In this study a survey was made on the physical chemical and heavy metals characteristics and microbiological analysis of AL Chibaish marsh during the two months. Water analyses revealed unacceptable values for almost all physiochemical and biological properties, according to WHO standard limits for drinking water. Almost all major ions and heavy metal concentrations in water showed a distinct decreasing trend at the marsh outlet station compared to other stations. In general, major and minor ions, as well as heavy metals exhibit higher concentrations in location 1 than in location 3. The concentrations of heavy metals in water show
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Microfibers released by synthetic clothes have a significant negative effect on the environment. Several solutions have been proposed and evaluated for their effectiveness, but studies have failed to address the human-centered aspects of these products. In this research, the possibilities and needs from a consumer perspective for a new filtering system for domestic washing machines were examined. First, a quantitative (questionnaire) and a qualitative (interviews and observations) exploration were done to understand the desired requirements from a user perspective. Next, the acceptance of various existing solutions for microfiber catching was investigated. To verify these requirements, a new concept was designed and evaluated with a
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The study aims to build a water quality index that fits the Iraqi aquatic systems and reflects the environmental reality of Iraqi water. The developed Iraqi Water Quality Index (IQWQI) includes physical and chemical components. To build the IQWQI, Delphi method was used to communicate with local and global experts in water quality indices for their opinion regarding the best and most important parameter we can use in building the index and the established weight of each parameter. From the data obtained in this study, 70% were used for building the model and 30% for evaluating the model. Multiple scenarios were applied to the model inputs to study the effects of increasing parameters. The model was built 4 by 4 until it reached 17 parame
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This work aimed to design, construct and operate a new laboratory scale water filtration system. This system was used to examine the efficiency of two ceramic filter discs as a medium for water filtration. These filters were made from two different ceramic mixtures of local red clay, sawdust, and water. The filtration system was designed with two rotating interfered modules of these filters. Rotating these modules generates shear force between water and the surfaces of filter discs of the filtration modules that works to reduce thickness of layer of rejected materials on the filters surfaces. Each module consists of seven filtration units and each unit consists of two ceramic filter discs. The average measured hy
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