Used automobile oils were subjected to filtration to remove solid material and dehydration to remove water, gasoline and light components by using vacuum distillation under moderate pressure, and then the dehydrated waste oil is subjected to extraction by using liquid solvents. Two solvents, namely n-butanol and n-hexane were used to extract base oil from automobile used oil, so that the expensive base oil can be reused again.
The recovered base oil by using n-butanol solvent gives (88.67%) reduction in carbon residue, (75.93%) reduction in ash content, (93.73%) oil recovery, (95%) solvent recovery and (100.62) viscosity index, at (5:1) solvent to used oil ratio and (40 oC) extraction temperature, while using n-hexane solvent gives (60.25%) reduction in carbon residue, (76.54%) reduction in ash content, (89.06%) oil recovery, (94.78%) solvent recovery and (100.3) viscosity index, at (6:1) solvent to used oil ratio and (50 oC) extraction temperature.
Change detection is a technology ascertaining the changes of
specific features within a certain time Interval. The use of remotely
sensed image to detect changes in land use and land cover is widely
preferred over other conventional survey techniques because this
method is very efficient for assessing the change or degrading trends
of a region. In this research two remotely sensed image of Baghdad
city gathered by landsat -7and landsat -8 ETM+ for two time period
2000 and 2014 have been used to detect the most important changes.
Registration and rectification the two original images are the first
preprocessing steps was applied in this paper. Change detection using
NDVI subtractive has been computed, subtrac
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In this study, mean free path and positron elastic-inelastic scattering are modeled for the elements hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K) and iodine (I). Despite the enormous amounts of data required, the Monte Carlo (MC) method was applied, allowing for a very accurate simulation of positron interaction collisions in live cells. Here, the MC simulation of the interaction of positrons was reported with breast, liver, and thyroid at normal incidence angles, with energies ranging from 45 eV to 0.2 MeV. The model provides a straightforward analytic formula for the random sampling of positron scattering. ICRU44 was used to compile the elemental composition data. In this
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Background: Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels. However, angiogenesis in cancer will lead to tumour growth and metastasis. Therefore, anti-angiogenesis is one of the ways to slow down growth and spreading of tumour. Moringa oleifera is also known as a “Miracle tree” which has high nutritive value and various therapeutics effect in different parts of the plant. This study aims to determine the anti-angiogenic property of Moringa oleifera leaves extract by using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared by decoction method using methanol and water. The qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out for
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The ability to produce load-bearing masonry units adopting ACI 211.1 mix design using (1:3.2:2.5) as (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) with slump range (25-50mm) which can conform (dimension, absorption, and compressive strength) within IQS 1077/1987 requirements type A was our main goal of the study. The ability to use low cement content (300 kg/m3) to handle our market price products since the most consumption in wall construction for low-cost buildings was encouraging. The use of (10 and 20%) of LECA as partial volume replacement of coarse aggregate to reduce the huge weight of masonry blocks can also be recommended. The types of production of the load-bearing masonry units were A and B for (
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The main goal of this in vivo study was to evaluate the effect of 532nm Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser in combination with Human Serum Albumin 20% concentration (as a welding aid) on the liver tissue repair clinically, and histologically. The animals used in this study were 21 male rabbits divided into three main groups: control group (3 rabbits), conventionally treated group (9 rabbits) and Laser treated group (9 rabbits). Each two main groups (conventional and laser treated) consist of three sub-groups depending on the response evaluation at three different periods. The Laser group was treated using 532nm Q-switched Nd: YAG laser after adding human serum albumin immediately on the incised liver’s tissue. The energy of was 460mJ, and 4Hz fr
... Show MoreNatural dye sensitized solar cell was prepared using strawberry and pomegranate dyes with anatase nanocrystalline titanium dioxide powder. A study of the optical properties of the two dyes, involving the absorption spectrum was determined in the visible region. I-V characteristics under illumination were performed. The results showed that the two prepared dye sensitized solar cells have acceptable values efficiency about (0.94 with Fill factor (45)) and (0.74 with Fill factor (44)) for strawberry and pomegranate dyes, respectively.