A series of overbased magnesium fatty acids such as caprylate, caprate, laurate, myristate, palmitate, stearate and oleate) were synthesized by the reaction of the fatty acids with active – 60 magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas at 60 oC in the presence of ammonia solution as catalyst, toluene / ethanol solvent mixture (9:1vol/vol) was added.
The prepared detergent additives were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR and evaluated by blending each additive in various concentrations with medium lubricant oil fraction (60 stock) supplied by Iraqi Midland Refineries Company. The total base number (TBN, mg of KOH/g) was determined, and the results of TBN were treated by using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. It was found that the number of carbons in the fatty acid (C8-C18) used for overbased detergent preparation had slight effect on the TBN of the oil, while detergent concentrations (1-5% wt/wt) had a significant effect on the TBN of the blended oil.
The oxidation stability of the oil blends with 2% of overbased magnesium palmitate and overbased magnesium stearate detergents was evaluated, and the results showed that these blends gave higher oxidation stability compared with the blends with standard antioxidant supplied by Midland Refineries Company.
Some metal ions (Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2,Zn+2 and Cd+2) complexes of quodridentats Schiff base derived from (2-hydroxy benzaldehyde and 4,4'-methylenedianiline as primary ligand and 3-picoline (3-pic) secondary ligand have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of their 1H ,13C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, elemental analysis, and magnetic moments, metal to ligands ratio in all complexes has been found to be (1:1:2) (M:Schiff base:3-pic), Schiff base behaves as neutral tetra dentate ligand with (N2,O2) system from the results obtained, the following general formula has suggested for the prepared complexes [M+2(2-mbd)(3-pic)2] and octahedral stereochemistry, Where M+2 = (Mn , Co , Ni , Cu , Zn and Cd), 2
... Show MoreThree mesoporous silica with different functional group were prepared by one-step synthesis based on the simultaneous hydrolysis and condensation of sodium silicate with organo - silane in the presence of template surfactant polydimethylsiloxane - polyethyleneoxide (PDMS - PEO). The prepared materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments. The results indicate that the preparation of methyl and phenyl functionalized silica were successful and the mass of methyl and phenyl groups bonded to the silica structure are 15, 38 mmol per gram silica. The average diameter of the silica particles are 103.51,
... Show MoreThe aim of this work is the synthesis of new grafted PVA polymer with a derivative of Erythro-ascorbic acid (pentulosono-ɣ -lactone-2, 3-enedianisoate). All synthesized compounds were characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and FTIR spectra and aldehyde was also characterized by (U.V-Vis), 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectra. They were also evaluated for antimicrobial properties by dilute method against four pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumonae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus Albus) and two fungal (Aspergillus Niger, Yeast). All polymer metal complexes showed good activities against the various microbial isolates. The polymer metal complexes showed higher activity than the free polymer. The order of increa
... Show MoreWe have synthesized many metal (II) complexes using curcumin L1 as the major ligand and 2-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl) aniline L2 as a supporting ligand. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy methods such as; molar conductivity, elements microanalysis, Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis, and mass spectroscopy. Both curcumin ligands and L2 were found to be capable of binding to M(II) and metal ions via their two N atoms, according to the data. The formula for the complexes is the same. [M (L1)(L2)H2OCl], where M is Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) (II). Octahedral complexes are proposed for the prepared compounds. The bio-actives suggested that the complexes are effective against bacteria and fungus on a mi
... Show MoreNine new compounds of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzothiazole derivatives were synthesized. These new compounds were formed through the reaction of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzothiazole 1 with ethyl chloroacetate and KOH, which gave an ester derivative 2, followed by refluxing compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate to afford hydrazide derivative 3. The reaction of compound 3 with CS2 and KOH gave 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivative 4, and then the reaction of compound 2 with thiosemicarbazide to produce compound 5 then treated it with 4%NaOH led to ring closure to provide 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivative
... Show More4-Amino-N-(5-methyl-isaxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide was synthesized by reacting the diazonium salt of sulfamethoxazole with 3-amino phenol. Complexes of Ni(II), Pd(II), Au(III), and Pt(IV) were produced and characterized by atomic absorption, elemental microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, different scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, the conductivity and magnetic properties were quantified. According to the analytical studies, all complexes were found to possess a 1:2 metal–ligand ratio and were non-electrolytes, except the Au(III) complex electrolyte, which had a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio. The biological activities of some of the
... Show MoreThe current study was conducted for studying the impact of cold plasma on the expression level of three genes that participate in the biosynthesis of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Ocimum basilicum. These studied genes were cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h), 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4cl), and eugenol O-methyl transferase (eomt). Also, the cold plasma impact was studied on the essential oil components and their relation with the gene expression level. The results demonstrated that cold plasma seeds germination of the treated groups 2 (initially for 3 minutes and 3 minutes after 7 days) ,and group 3(initially for 5 minutes and 3 minutes after 7 days) were faster than the control group. Also, the height average of the mature plants of
... Show More