Esterification reaction is most important reaction in biodiesel production. In this study, oleic acid was used as a suggested feedstock to study and simulate production of biodiesel. Batch esterification of oleic acid was carried out at operating conditions; temperature from 40 to 70 °C, ethanol to oleic acid molar ratio from 1/1 to 6/1, H2SO4 as the catalyst 1 and 5% wt of oleic acid, reaction time up to 180 min. The optimum conditions for the esterification reaction were molar ratio of ethanol/oleic acid 6/1, 5%wt H2SO4 relative to oleic acid, 70 °C, 90 min and conversion of oleic 0.92. The activation energy for the suggested model was 26625 J/mole for forward reaction and 42189 J/mole for equilibrium constant. The obtained results simulated to other types of reactors with different operating conditions using reactop cascade package. The conversion of oleic acid of simulation results at optimum operating conditions was 0.97 for isothermal batch and plug flow reactors, 0.67 for isothermal CSTR, while the conversions of oleic acid in the adiabatic mode were 0.82, 0.40, 0.74 for batch, CSTR, PFR reactors respectively.
The Effect of Chicken Eggshell Extract on Microhardness of Artificially Induced Dental Erosion in Permanent Teeth (In Vitro Study), Shatha A Abbas*, Alhan A Qasim
The present study aimed to identify the availability of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards in the content of mathematics textbooks at the basic education stage in the Sultanate of Oman. The study used the descriptive-analytical approach, adopting the method of content analysis through using a content analysis tool that included (43) indicators distributed on the four NCTM standards related to the field of geometry, after verifying their validity and reliability. The study population consisted of mathematics textbooks (first and second semesters) for ninth-grade students in the Sultanate of Oman in the academic year 2018/2019, while the sample consisted of Geometry units in the content of those books, which a
... Show Moreتشهد بیئة الأعمال المعاصرة جملة من التغیرات والتطورات التكنولوجیة وتزایداً في حدةالمنافسة، وأتساع الفجوة بین العاملین والإدارة ، وقدرة الإدارة على التمییز بین الموظفین، والمشاركة فيإتخاذ القرارات، الامر الذي یلقي على عاتق شركة التأمین إجراء التغییر التنظیمي لتحقیق تطور فيالخدمات التأمینیة التي تقدمها للجمهور من تنوع التغطیات التأمینیة )الوثائق( والسرعة في تسویةالتعویضات وغیرها من الانشطة التي تمارسه
... Show MoreGliotoxin (GT) is sulfur-containing mycotoxin within the 2,5-diketopiperazines class. First discovery from Gliocladium. Later discovered from different strains belonging to Aspergillus fumigatus mainly those have glicluster. This study outlines a study on the histological effects of gliotoxin (GT) on mouse brain and spleen tissues using light and electron microscopy, with a focus on its interaction with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Histopathological changes through MMPs expressing variability estimated by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Mature mice were injected intraperitoneally with acute doses determined by data response analysis (EC50/IC50) as (125, 250, and 500 μg/ml) of GT and compared with a control group that received (metha
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Abstract
The research has discussed the public relations as dependent variable of its branch dimensions( confidence , commitment, control and satisfaction ) and the governmental service quality as independent variable of its branch dimensions (response, dependency, emphasis, tangibility and sympathy), and the research problem has represented by weakness of service quality presented to the customers dealing with company, which is observed via field co-existence of the researcher, where he observe that the quality presented in the company services, are inappropriate with the customers expectations level, also there is weakness of attention and recognition by the
The effectiveness and quality of legislation depend on the extent to which it relates to political , economic ,social ,geographical , health and moral realities , so the unrealistic legislation and its failure to address all the problems facing society make these legislation out of reality , this requires this legislation be able to regulate all aspects related to public health in society in exceptional circumstances such as cases of wars ,diseases and pandemics as outbreaks of corona virus in the word ,this study focuses on the effects of legislative omission on the effectiveness of the administration when performing its tasked in health administrative control in exceptional circumstances in light of spread of corona virus pandemic in Iraq
... Show MoreThe purpose of this paper is to gain a good understanding about wake region behind the car body due to the aerodynamic effect when the air flows over the road vehicle during its movement. The main goal of this study is to discuss the effect of the geometry on the wake region and the aerodynamic drag coefficient. Results will be achieved by using two different shapes, which are the fastback and the notchback. The study will be implemented by the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) by using STAR-CCM+® software for the simulation. This study investigates the steady turbulent flow using k-epsilon turbulence model. The results obtained from the simulation show that the region of the air separation behind the vehicle
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The aims of this reserch is identify evaluate the organizational commitment level of (emotional, standard, continuous) and the level of discipline dimensions (functional duties, professional responsibility and ethics) for medical doctors in Ramadi Teaching Hospital due to their relationship with the organization effectiveness the level of completion work and the importance of the expected results in the field respondent
sample of (50) doctors has from all branches and specialties, including specialist doctors consultants and practitioners as well as branches of residence and senior the most prominent results reached are the emotional and the st
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This research aims to clarify the conceptual framework of social entrepreneurship shows the importance of the development of social entrepreneurship according to the contextual aspects and the social value achieved from these works. It also identifies the degree of level of a sample of women entrepreneurs in Iraq for the extent of the relationship between social entrepreneurship and women's empowerment. It also explains the impact of entrepreneurial work in empowering women and the extent to which there are individual differences between the average scores of the sample members’ estimation of the level of social entrepreneurship according to social status, age group, educational qualification, and specialization according to the s
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