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Esterification of Free Fatty Acid with High Chain Alcohol for Biodiesel Production Using Semi-Batch Reactive Distillation
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The esterification of oleic acid with 2-ethylhexanol in presence of sulfuric acid  as homogeneous catalyst was investigated in this work to produce 2-ethylhexyl oleate (biodiesel) by using semi batch reactive distillation. The effect of reaction temperature (100 to 130°C), 2-ethylhexanol:oleic acid molar ratio (1:1 to 1:3) and catalysts concentration (0.2 to 1wt%) were studied. Higher conversion of 97% was achieved with operating conditions of reaction temperature of 130°C, molar ratio of free fatty acid to alcohol of 1:2 and catalyst concentration of 1wt%. A simulation was adopted from basic principles of the reactive distillation using MATLAB to describe the process. Good agreement was achieved.

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 02 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Desulphurization of Simulated Oil Using SAPO-11 with CNT's as Adsorbent: A Kinetic Study
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In this study, sulfur was removed from imitation oil using oxidative desulfurization process. Silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-11) was prepared using the hydrothermal method with a concentration of carbon nanotubes (CNT) of 0% and 7.5% at 190 °C crystallization temperature. The final molar composition of the as-prepared SAPO-11 was Al2O3: 0.93P2O5: 0.414SiO2. 4% MO/SAPO-11 was prepared using impregnation methods. The produced SAPO-11 was described using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms). It was found that the addition of CNT increased the crystallinity of SAPO-11. The results showed that the surface area of SAPO-11 containing 7.5% CNT was 179.54 m2/g, and the pore volume was 0.31

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Diyala Journal For Pure Sciences
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity for Complexes VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) With New Multidentate Ligand [2-((E)-3-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4- ylimino)acetic Acid][H2L] type (N2).
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In this work, the precursor [2-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-ylimino)acetic acid] was synthesised from 4-aminoantipyrine and glyoxylic acid, this precursor has been used in the synthesis of new multidentate ligand [2-((E)-3-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-ylimino)acetic acid][H2L] type (N2O2). The ligand was refluxed in ethanol with metal ions [VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II)] salts to give complexes of general molecular formula:[M(H2L)2(X)(Y)].B, where: M=VO(II), X=0, Y=OSO3-2, B=2H2O; M=Mn(II),Co(II) ,X=Cl, Y=Cl, B=0; M=Ni(II), X=H2O, Y=Cl, B=Cl. These complexes were characterised by atomic absorpition(A.A), F.T-I.R., (U.V-Vis)spectroscopies (1H,13C NMR for ligand only), alon

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 03 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Comparison of the Methods for Estimation of Reliability Function for Burr-XII Distribution by Using Simulation.
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This deals with estimation of Reliability function and one shape parameter (?) of two- parameters Burr – XII , when ?(shape parameter is known) (?=0.5,1,1.5) and also the initial values of (?=1), while different sample shze n= 10, 20, 30, 50) bare used. The results depend on empirical study through simulation experiments are applied to compare the four methods of estimation, as well as computing the reliability function . The results of Mean square error indicates that Jacknif estimator is better than other three estimators , for all sample size and parameter values

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2013
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Using the Abbreviated Version of Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Formula as A Primary Estimate for the Prevalence of Undiagnosed Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Acute Stroke
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Introduction: The association between acute stroke and
renal function is well known. The aim of this study is to
know which group of patients with acute stroke is more
likely to have undiagnosed Chronic Kidney Disease and
which risk factors are more likely to be associated with.
Methods:We studied 77 patients who were diagnosed to
have an acute stroke.Patients were selected between
April2011andJune 2011 using the " 4-variable
Modification of
Diet in Renal Disease Formula " which estimates
Glomerular Filtration Rate using four variables :serum
creatinine ,age ,race and gender.
Results :The study included 38 male and 39 females
patients ,aged (35-95) years. Glomerular Filtration Rate in
patients wi

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 22 1998
Journal Name
College Of Education Ibn Rushd
Investigating Iraqi College students' production of English Intra Word and Inter Word Consonant Clusters
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MR Younus, 1998

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 31 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Potential of Microalgae Cultivation in Dairy Wastewater as a Step in Low-Cost Biofuel Production
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The present study addresses adopting the organic and nutritious materials in dairy wastewater as media for cultivation of microalgae, which represent an important source of renewable energy. This study was carried out through cultivation of three types of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Synechococcus, and Anabaena. The results shows the success the cultivation of the Synechococcus and  Chlorella Sp, while the Anabaena microalgae were in low-growth level. The highest growth was in the Synechococcus farm, followed by Chlorella and Anabaena. However, the growth of Synechococcus required 10 days to achieve this increase that re

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 10 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Mathematics In Operational Research
Modelling time-series process of an agricultural crop production process by EWMA quality control chart
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 13 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Theoretical study of the photons rate production in the Quark-Gluon interaction at Compton scattering
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Flow Production Rate of Hard Photons Probes of Quark–Anti Quark Annihilation Processes at Plasma Phase
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The flow emission rate of hard photons from lowest order the QCD processes for quark-anti quark annihilation processes in plasma media at high temperatures (175, 200, 225, 250 and 275 MeV) have been study. In these framework photons, the flow photons emission is calculate according to quark-antiquark annihilation using the quantum chromodynamic theory and solves the ultrarelativistic equation with MATLAP program. Due to the results, we show increases flow photons rate with increases strength coupling and increases with increases temperature of media, it indicate that logarithmically divergent thermal effect on photons product. The critical temperature (Tc=155 to 195 MeV) effect on the quarks confined in hadronic matter phase, it is importan

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 24 2026
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Effect of Diode Laser (805) nm on alpha-toxin production and antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus
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