In this work, corrosion parameters were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization curves. In order to determine corrosion parameters of potential and current density of the interesting metal, carbon steel, environmental conditions of external corrosion of buried carbon steel pipeline in Iraqi soil were prepared in the laboratory using simulated prepared conditions. Solutions of sodium chloride at different concentrations (300, 1100, 1900, 2700, and 3500 ppm) were used. pH of solution were acidic at pH =5, and alkaline at pH = 9. Laboratory conditions were similar to those of Iraqi soil where the pipelines were buried. Temperature was constant at 20 °C. Potentiodynamic polarization curves, of potential vs. log current density, were obtained using M Lab Multi-Channel Potentiostat/Galvanostat. The carbon steel coupon (ASTM A179-84A) was used as the studied metal. The results of this work reveal the behavior of carbon steel in external corrosion conditions under Iraqi soil. The rate of corrosion, of carbon steel, increases with the increase in chloride concentration in solution. As pH changes from acidic to alkaline medium, the rate of corrosion decreases.
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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a nondestructive geophysical technique that uses electromagnetic waves to evaluate subsurface information. A GPR unit emits a short pulse of electromagnetic energy and is able to determine the presence or absence of a target by examining the reflected energy from that pulse. GPR is geophysical approach that use band of the radio spectrum. In this research the function of GPR has been summarized as survey different buried objects such as (Iron, Plastic(PVC), Aluminum) in specified depth about (0.5m) using antenna of 250 MHZ, the response of the each object can be recognized as its shapes, this recognition have been performed using image processi |
The extraction of iron from aqueous chloride media in presence of aluminum was studied at different kinds of extractants(cyclohexanone, tributyl phosphate, diethyl ketone), different values of normality (pH of the feed solution), agitation time, agitation speed, operating temperature, phase ratio (O/A), iron concentration in the feed, and extractant concentration]. The stripping of iron from organic solutions was also studied at different values of normality (pH of the strip solution) and phase ratio (A/O). Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of iron and aluminum in the aqueous phase throughout the experiments.The best values of extraction coefficient and stripping coefficient are obtained under the
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In the present work, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the solution of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as anionic surfactant, Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB) as amphoteric surfactant, and their mixture have been determined using surface tension and conductivity measurements at a temperature range 293 -323 K. The adsorption and thermodynamic micellization parameters (?G?m, ?G?ads, ?max ,Amin,?cmc ) for individual surfactants was calculated. Rosen model which is focuses on the adsorbed mixed surfactant film at the air/solution interface was used to calculate the interaction parameter ( ?? ) at the interface and the activity coefficients g1 and g2. The results indicate that the CMC of the individual surfactants was affected by
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Iron , Cobalt , and Nickel powders with different particle sizes were subjected to sieving and He-Ne laser system to determine the particle size . 1wt% from each powders was blended carefully with 99wt% from Iraqi oil . Microscopic examination were carried for all samples to reveal the particle size distribution . A Siemens type SRS sequential wavelength dispersive(WDS) X-ray spectrometer was used to analyze all samples , and the XRF intensity were determined experimentally and theoretically for all suspended samples , Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results were found .
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The research discusses one of the most critical issues of corporate finance which is related to asset utilization efficiency. Researchers used internal growth rate as independent variable (Proxy of asset utilization efficiency) and sustainable growth rate-dependent variable (proxy of stockholders wealth). According to these two variables, researchers formulate major hypotheses (There is no significant effect of internal growth rate on sustainable growth rate), as well as two sub-hypotheses, examine the components of major variables. Sample of Iraqi industrial companies which listed in the Iraqi stock exchange selected to test and examine main hypotheses. Result of simple and multiple regressions explain there is a significant effect of i
... Show MoreThis paper analyzes the effect of scaling-up model and acceleration history on seismic response of closed-ended pipe pile using a finite element modeling approach and the findings of 1 g shaking table tests of a pile embedded in dry and saturated soils. A number of scaling laws were used to create the numerical modeling according to the data obtained from 1 g shake table tests performed in the laboratory. The current study found that the behaviors of the scaled models, in general have similar trends. From numerical modeling on both the dry and saturated sands, the normalized lateral displacement, bending moment, and vertical displacement of piles with scale factors of 2 and 35 are less than those of the pile with a scale factor of 1 and the
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The research aims to build an integrated frame of knowledge for the basic research topics, represented by (assimilation of knowledge, strategic clarity) and their basic variables, by examining the most important scientific propositions on these topics in administrative thought, and framing the knowledge contained in them, in a serious attempt to provide appropriate answers to questions The research dilemma, and the research was applied in the Iraqi Airways Company, whose number is (1200) employees, and the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted in conducting the research. A valid form for statistical analysis, i.e., with a retrieval rate of (92%). The two researchers used the (SPSS & AMOS) program for
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