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Extraction of Essential Oils from Citrus By-Products Using Microwave Steam Distillation
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The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from: orange ( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods: steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions (weight of the sample, extraction time, and microwave power, citrus peel type) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC).

   Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process. Microwave-assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products. (MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield. (MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time, yield of orange oil extracted by (MASD) was (1.150%) in (35min.) compared to (1.095%) in (45min.) by (SD) process, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin.

   The optimal microwave power was (135W) gave oil yield: (1.150%, 1.115%, 0.940%) for orange, lemon and mandarin respectively, (MASD) increased extraction temperature in short time and to a higher level compared to (SD). The optimal weight was (398.56gm) gave yield in (SD): (1.095%) and MASD (1.091%) for orange oil, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin. The best citrus peel type which gave the highest yield was orange followed by lemon then mandarin in both processes.

Limonene is the most abundant component in citrus essential oil, (GC) analysis showed that (SD) was more convenient to give high amount of limonene because of the graduate temperature rise, while in microwave extraction exposure to low microwave

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 02 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Corrosion Protection Study of Carbon Steel and 316 Stainless Steel Alloys Coated by Nanoparticles
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The Corrosion protection effectiveness of Alimina(Al2O3,50nm)and Zinc oxide (ZnO,30nm) nanoparticales were studied on carbon steel and 316 stainless steel alloys in saline water (3.5%NaCl)at four temperatures: (20,30,40,50 OC)using three electrodes potentiostat. An average corrosion protection efficiencies of 65 %and 80% was achieved using Al2O3 NP's on carbon steel and stainless steel samples respectively, and it seems that no effect of rising temperature on the performances of the coated layers. While ZnO NP'S showed protection efficiency around 65% for the two alloys and little effected by temperature rising on the performanes of the coated layers. The morphology of the coated spesiemses was examined by Atomic force microscope.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 27 2024
Journal Name
Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias Kai Farmakokinetikes – Greek Edition
Examine the influence of treatment and age on patients affected by high blood pressure
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Background: Hypertension is a major global health concern that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Understanding the impact of age and treatment types on blood pressure control is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies. Aim: This study aims to assess how different treatment types and patient age influence blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Methodology: A binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze data from 48 patients diagnosed with hypertension. The study investigated the impact of two treatment regimens and patient age on the likelihood of achieving optimal blood pressure levels. The statistical significance of the findings was evaluated using chi-square tests and p-values. Results: T

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Finite Element Analysis of Cracked One-Way Bubbled Slabs Strengthened By External Prestressed Strands
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Bubbled slabs can be exposed to damage or deterioration during its life. Therefore, the solution for strengthening must be provided. For the simulation of this case, the analysis of finite elements was carried out using ABAQUS 2017 software on six simply supported specimens, during which five are voided with 88 bubbles, and the other is solid. The slab specimens with symmetric boundary conditions were of dimensions 3200/570/150 mm. The solid slab and one bubbled slab are deemed references. Each of the other slabs was exposed to; (1) service charge, then unloaded (2) external prestressing and (3) loading to collapse under two line load. The external strengthening was applied using prestressed wire with four approaches, wh

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Ecology
Study on major constraints and problems in transfer of technology by agricultural extension organization
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 12 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Estimation the Radioactive Pollution by Uranium in the Soil of Al-Kut City/ Iraq
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The aim of the present work, was measuring of uranium concentrations in 25 soil samples from five locations of Al-Kut city. The samples taken from different depths ranged from soil surface to 60cm step 15 cm, for this measurement of uranium concentrations .The most widely used technique SSNTDs was chosen to be the measurement technique. Results showed that the higher concentrations were in Hai Al- Kafaat which recorded 1.49 ± 0.054 ppm . The uranium content in soil samples were less than permissible limit of UNSCEAR(11.7ppm).

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 04 2014
Journal Name
Photonic Sensors
Crystalline structure and surface morphology of tin oxide films grown by DC reactive sputtering
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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by topical 25% podophyllin solution (single, blinded, therapeutic, controlled study)
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KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, AG Al-Ghazzi, Journal of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, 2015 - Cited by 19

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Agriculture And Agricultural Science Procedia
The Influence of the Water Quality on the Droplet Spectrum Produced by Agricultural Nozzles
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Cancer And Medical Genetics
Cytotoxicity of purified methionine γ- lyase produced by Pseudomonas putida on several cell lines
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The cytotoxicity of different concentrations of purified methionine γ- lyase from Pseudomonas putida on cancer cell lines (RD, AMN3 and AMGM) at 96 hr was studied. The bacterial enzyme with concentration 1000µg/ml was revealed highly cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines in comparison with other concentrations whereas slight cytotoxicity was observed on normal cell (REF).

Publication Date
Sun Dec 03 2017
Journal Name
Sci. Int.(lahore)
IMPROVING NO2 SENSITIVITY OF POROUS SILICON BY FUNCTIONALIZATION ITS SURFACE WITH COPPER AS CATALYST
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In this work, porous silicon gas sensor hs been fabricated on n-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers of (100) orientation denoted by n-PS using electrochemical etching (ECE) process at etching time 10 min and etching current density 40 mA/cm2. Deposition of the catalyst (Cu) is done by immersing porous silicon (PS) layer in solution consists of 3ml from (Cu) chloride with 4ml (HF) and 12ml (ethanol) and 1 ml (H2O2). The structural, morphological and gas sensing behavior of porous silicon has been studied. The formation of nanostructured silicon is confirmed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement as well as it shows the formation of an oxide silicon layer due to chemical reaction. Atomic force microscope for PS illustrates that the p

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