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Preparation and Characterization of Nay Zeolite for Biodiesel Production
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Iraqi kaolin was used for the preparation and characterization of NaY zeolite for biodiesel production via esterification reaction. Oleic acid was used usually as a typical simulated feedstock of high acid number for the esterification reaction.

   The chemical composition for the prepared Nay zeolite is as following:  (Ca2.6Na1.K0.1)(Al6.3Si17.7)O48.16H2O, the silica to alumina ratio in the prepared catalyst was found equal to 2.6 and Na2O content was 12.26 wt. %, with relative crystallinity equal to 147.4 % obtained by the X-ray diffraction. The surface area result shows that the prepared catalyst has 330 m2/g. While, the measured pore volume by nitrogen adsorption was equal to 0.35 cm3/ g. SEM images show notable differences between the kaolin crystal and prepared NaY crystal.

   The effect of NaY zeolite, as a loaded catalyst in the esterification of oleic acid reaction did not show any significant change of oleic acid conversion for catalyst load more than 5 wt. %. The reused NaY zeolite is loses 31 % of its activity because of that the pores are filled with water and other organic molecules and that may cause poisoning the catalyst.

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Production and antibacterial activity of biosurfactant from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Abstract<p>A total of four types of instant dry yeast <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> which are Gloripan, Swan, Super Man (China) and Saf (Turkey), were obtained from the local market in Baghdad, Iraq. All the types were identified according to their morphological characteristics and screened for their ability to produce biosurfactant by oil spread method. Biosurfactant was extracted and partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate at saturation ratio75%. Antibacterial activity of crude and partially purified biosurfactant was tested against twenty isolates of <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> and the results showed that crude biosurfactant has no</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Aug 03 2012
Journal Name
مجلة دراسات الترجمة
Assessing EFL Students` Recognition and Production of Subordinate Clauses
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This study deals with the grammatical processing ability of English Subordinate Clauses which can account for variance in word recognition and production skills. The study aims at: A) Assessing whether the students can recognize correct usage and comprehension of different types of Subordinate Clauses English grammar sentences by using appropriate word. B) Showing if the students can produce the correct type of Subordinate Clauses that should be used in English grammar sentences. To achieve these aims, a test has been conducted and distributed on 50 students at third stage at the College of Education (Ibn-Rushd) for the academic year 2012-2013. A test is exposed to a jury of experts for the purpose of ascertaining their validity. The spli

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Case Studies In Construction Materials
Appraising the synergistic use of recycled asphalt pavement and recycled concrete aggregate for the production of sustainable asphalt concrete
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Material obtained from the demolition of concrete structures and milling of flexible pavements has the highest potential for recyclability. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of hot mix asphalt with the concurrent use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Contents of RAP and RCA were varied from 0% to 50% by fixing the total recycling materials percentage to 50%. Penetration grade 40/50 virgin binder and waste engine oil (WEO) as rejuvenator were used in the present study. A series of tests, such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength test, IDEAL CT, uniaxial compression test, and resilient modulus test, were carried out to assess the performance of

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 31 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Reactive Adsorption Desulfurization by Nanocrystalline ZnO/Zeolite A Molecular Sieves
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      Nanocrystalline ZnO/Zeolite type A composite was prepared by simple method of operation by . the precipitation of zinc oxide and loading on zeolite 5A in one step. Characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), N2  adsorption- desorption for BET surface area, and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results showed that zinc oxide was loaded on zeolite as noticed by the characteristic peaks and was of nano scale having an average diameter of 88.57nm. The percentage loading of ZnO on zeolite A was 28.37% and the surface area was 222m2/g. The activity of the prepared catalyst was examined in the desulfurization of double hydrogenated diesel fuel. The process was investigated in a

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 28 2013
Journal Name
Desalination And Water Treatment
Groundwater protection from cadmium contamination by zeolite permeable reactive barrier
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This work studies the performance of zeolite permeable reactive barrier in removing cadmium from a contaminated shallow aquifer. Batch tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium sorption properties of the zeolite in cadmium-containing aqueous solutions. A 1D numerical finite difference model has been developed to describe pollutant transport within groundwater taking pollutant sorption on the permeable reactive barrier (PRB), which is performed by Langmuir equation, into account. Numerical results show that the PRB starts to saturate after a period of time (~120 h) due to reduction of the retardation factor, indicating a decrease in the percentage of zeolite functionality. However, a reasonable agreement between model predict

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Optimum conditions for Inulinase production by Aspergillus niger using solid state fermentation
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Thirty local fungal isolates according to Aspergillus niger were screened for Inulinase production on synthetic solid medium depending on inulin hydrolysis appear as clear zone around fungal colony. Semi-quantitative screening was performed to select the most efficient isolate for inulinase production. the most efficient isolate was AN20. The optimum condition for enzyme production from A. niger isolate was determined by busing a medium composed of sugar cane moisten with corn steep liquor 5;5 (v/w) at initial pH 5.0 for 96 hours at 30 0C . Enzyme productivity was tested for each of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus, the fungus A. niger AN20 and for a mixed culture of A. niger and K. marxianus. The productivity of A. niger gave the highest

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 28 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Assessing Acid Fracturing for Low-Permeability Carbonate Formation to Improve Oil Production
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This study investigates the application of hydraulic acid fracturing to enhance oil production in the Mishrif Formation of the Al-Fakkah oilfield due to declining flow rates and wellhead pressures resulting from asphaltene deposition and inadequate permeability. Implementing acid fracturing, an established technique for low-permeability carbonate reserves, was essential due to the inadequacy of prior solvent cleaning and acidizing efforts. The document outlines the protocols established prior to and following the treatment, emphasizing the importance of careful oversight to guarantee safety and efficacy. In the MiniFrac treatment, 150 barrels of #30 cross-linked gel were injected at 25 barrels per minute, followed by an overflush wi

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 28 2025
Journal Name
The Iraqi Geological Journal
Assessing Acid Fracturing for Low-Permeability Carbonate Formation to Improve Oil Production
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This study investigates the application of hydraulic acid fracturing to enhance oil production in the Mishrif Formation of the Al-Fakkah oilfield due to declining flow rates and wellhead pressures resulting from asphaltene deposition and inadequate permeability. Implementing acid fracturing, an established technique for low-permeability carbonate reserves, was essential due to the inadequacy of prior solvent cleaning and acidizing efforts. The document outlines the protocols established prior to and following the treatment, emphasizing the importance of careful oversight to guarantee safety and efficacy. In the MiniFrac treatment, 150 barrels of #30 cross-linked gel were injected at 25 barrels per minute, followed by an overflush wi

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Catalytic Activity of Modified Zeolite Lanthanum on the Catalytic Cracking of Al-Duara Atmospheric Distillation Residue.
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Atmospheric residue fluid catalytic cracking was selected as a probe reaction to test the catalytic performance of modified NaY zeolites and prepared NaY zeolites. Modified NaY zeolites have been synthesized by simple ion exchange methods. Three samples of modified zeolite Y have been obtained by replacing the sodium ions in the original sample with lanthanum and the weight percent added are 0.28, 0.53, and 1.02 respectively. The effects of addition of lanthanum to zeolite Y in different weight percent on the cracking catalysts were investigated using an experimental laboratory plant scale of fluidized bed reactor.

The experiments have been performed with weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) range of 6 to 24 h

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Key Engineering Materials
Synthesis and Characterization of the Thin Films NiSe2/Si Heterojunction for Solar Cells
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Thin film solar cells are preferable to the researchers and in applications due to the minimum material usage and to the rising of their efficiencies. In particular, thin film solar cells, which are designed based one transition metal chalcogenide materials, paly an essential role in solar energy conversion market. In this paper, transition metals with chalcogenide Nickel selenide termed as (NiSe2/Si) are synthesized. To this end, polycrystalline NiSe2 thin films are deposited through the use of vacuum evaporation technique under vacuum of 2.1x10-5 mbar, which are supplied to different annealing temperatures. The results show that under an annealed temperature of 525 K,

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