Al-Rustamiyah plant is the oldest and biggest sewage treatment plant in Iraq; it locates in the south of Baghdad city. The plant suffers from serious problems associated with overflow and low capacity. The present work aims to upgrade the heart of biological treatment process through suggesting the use of membrane bioreactor; (MBR). In this work, fouling of membrane during sewage treatment has been analyzed experimentally and theoretically by fouling mechanisms. Aeration has been applied in order to control fouling through producing effective diameters of air bubbles close to the membrane walls. Effect of air flow rate on flux decline was investigated. Hermia's models were used to investigate the fouling mechanisms. The results showed that cake formation is the best fitted model (R2≥0.98) followed by intermediate blocking occurred with 9 L/min aeration rate. Cake layer formation is the best fit mechanism in all aeration rates (1-9 L/min) in presence of microalgae. SEM images of the membrane surface before and after filtration showed high density pores membrane surface proved a cake fouling occurring. It was found that aeration represents the most effective technique for fouling domination in addition to its important economic aspects for algae growth and propagation. An enhancement of 70.8% in flux at 9 L/min air flow has been revealed. MBR proved to be more efficient and more convenient than activated sludge since it eliminates the needing of sedimentation tanks and upgrading Al-Rustamiyah plant that has low available space for expansion.
Context has a significant impact on the interpretation of Qur'anic and literary texts, especially in ancient Arabic poetry since that language is no longer considered as a contemporary understandable language. Hence this research is entitled: (the impact of context on the morphological semantics in the Diwan of Abi Al-Aswad Al-Dau’ali) and the morphological meanings indicated by the morphological formula which lack the combination of other contextual clues. The researcher depended on the analytical approach to show the impact of pairing occurring between the contextual elements on determining the morphological meaning.
The most important findings reached at:
1- Context has a great impact in dispelling the possibilities arising fr
Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad, and upon his whole family and companions, but after: God Almighty has instituted types of acts of worship and classes of obedience that, if performed by the servant, would link him with his Creator and connect with his Lord. And for the sake of these worship, and the greatest of them: the worship of i'tikaaf, for souls need rest and recuperation from the struggle of life and its concerns, concerns and anguish, and people differ in their attitudes and interests in the means of recreation, and many people consider the outing and travel the best way in which they breathe from their toil and toil, and reclaim their strength and the advised adult He fin
... Show MoreIraq is Suffering nowadays from the criminal triad represented by the fiscal and administrative corruption, money laundering and terrorism, which are intertwined in a very related relations, as each of them support the other . Since the over growth has been one of its characteristics leaving behind a very dangerous negative effects whether it was social , economic or even political impacts . As a result , this trial is now represents a high risk that threatens the present and the future of Iraq . On the political , economic and social level , it is well to mention that the poor direct investment , the increasing rates of poverty , unemployment , inflation as well as the smuggling of goreign currency an
... Show MoreThe dynamic thermomechanical properties, sealing ability, and voids formation of an experimental obturation hydroxyapatite-reinforced polyethylene (HA/PE) composite/carrier system were investigated and compared with those of a commercial system [GuttaCore (GC)]. The HA/PE system was specifically designed using a melt-extrusion process. The viscoelastic properties of HA/PE were determined using a dynamic thermomechanical analyser. Human single-rooted teeth were endodontically instrumented and obturated using HA/PE or GC systems, and then sealing ability was assessed using a fluid filtration system. In addition, micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to quantify apparent voids within the root-canal space. The data were statistically analys
... Show MoreOrbital varices are vein dilations in the orbit presenting various symptoms. This scoping review synthesizes existing evidence on their epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment efficacy.
Literature was reviewed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed and Scopus were searched until April 31, 2024, for articles on clinically diagnosed ocular varices detailing diagnostic methods, treatments, and outcomes. Exclusions were reviews, animal studies, and incomplete case reports. Data on study characteristics, diagnosis, management, and o
It is the regression analysis is the foundation stone of knowledge of statistics , which mostly depends on the ordinary least square method , but as is well known that the way the above mentioned her several conditions to operate accurately and the results can be unreliable , add to that the lack of certain conditions make it impossible to complete the work and analysis method and among those conditions are the multi-co linearity problem , and we are in the process of detected that problem between the independent variables using farrar –glauber test , in addition to the requirement linearity data and the lack of the condition last has been resorting to the
... Show MoreThe leaves and stems of the local Purslane plant ( Portulaca oleracea oleracea L. ) were used to preapare the extract of two types ( wet and dried extractions) the extracts were prepared by weighting of 60grams of the wet and the dried plant individually, then boiled in 500ml of distal water. Finally the volume was completed to1 liter, then we used these extracts to prepare of 8 types of the culture media contained basic, selective and enrichment media for growing a group of pathogenic bacteria. 8 types of bacteria were used for this purpose: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas flouresence, Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. The stastica
... Show MoreAbstract:
The research seeks to identify the role of the International Assurance Standard (3402) in the auditor's procedures, as the importance of the research stems from providing assurance services for control tools through reports that are prepared according to this standard, which contribute to strengthening audit procedures through a proposed assurance program. Many conclusions were reached, the most important of which The assurance operations are considered among the operations with a special assignme
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