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Preparations of Organoclay Using Cationic Surfactant and Characterization of PVC/ (Bentonite and Organoclay) Composite Prepared via Melt Blending Method
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Calcium-Montmorillonite (bentonite) [Ca-MMT] has been prepared via cation exchange reaction using benzalkonium chloride [quaternary ammonium] as a surfactant to produce organoclay which is used to prepare polymer composites. Functionalization of this filler surface is very important factor for achieving good interaction between filler and polymer matrix. Basal spacing and functional groups identification of this organoclay were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy respectively.  The (XRD) results showed that the basal spacing of the treated clay (organoclay) with the benzalkonium chloride increased to 15.17213 0A, this represents an increment of about 77.9% in the basal spacing. FTIR spectra illustrate that benzalkonium chloride compound was successfully intercalated in to clay layers. The results confirm the effectiveness of the synthesis of organoclay with similar characteristics compared to those ones observed in the bentonite. The features were obtained by a simple process and enable interaction with organic compounds (polymers and plastic). PVC/bentonite composite and PVC/organoclay composite were prepared by the melt intercalation method .The results have been analyzed and compared for PVC samples with (3wt%, 7wt% and 12wt %) bentonite and organoclay micro filler .Mechanical properties, thermal properties, flammability and water absorption percentage of prepared samples were tested. Mechanical characteristic such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness and impact strength (charpy type) were measured for all samples, where the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC composites increased with increasing organoclay loading compared with unmodified bentonite. Also, the hardness and impact strength of the composites increase with increase in filler content. Thermal properties of PVC/ (bentonite, organoclay) composites were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and thermal conductivity analyzer. The results showed Tg shifted toward higher temperature for all type of filler compared to neat PVC. Also, thermal conductivity measurement values illustrated that PVC/bentonite composites have a good thermal insulation at 12wt%, thermal conductivity was decreased from 0.222 W/m.K for neat PVC to 0.11 W/m.K at 12wt% PVC/bentonite composites. Organoclay give the best possible water absorbability of the PVC, with other word making it moisture resistant .The higher the filler content the higher burning time, the lower rate of burning and the lower height of the flame which are evident at 12wt% for all fillers.

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Reliability and Failure Probability Functions of the m-Consecutive-k-out-of-n: F Linear and Circular Systems
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The m-consecutive-k-out-of-n: F linear and circular system consists of n sequentially connected components; the components are ordered on a line or a circle; it fails if there are at least m non-overlapping runs of consecutive-k failed components. This paper proposes the reliability and failure probability functions for both linearly and circularly m-consecutive-k-out-of-n: F systems. More precisely, the failure states of the system components are separated into two collections (the working and the failure collections); where each one is defined as a collection of finite mutual disjoint classes of the system states. Illustrative example is provided.

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 15 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Extraction of Fish Oils and Used in Drugs Systems.: Extraction of Fish Oils and Used in Drugs Systems.
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In this study was undertaken frish fish such as Bigeye Ilisha megaloptera, Nematalos nasus, Suboor Hilsha ilisha and Carp Cyprinus carpio. they were purchased from local marketes in Basrah, Oil was extracted by a solvent extraction method on low temperature. And the level of oil obtiened about (6.08; 10.72; 13.52 and 5.61)% for Bigeye, Jaffout, Suboor and Carp. the Crud oils were compared with vegetable oil (olive oil) and animal fat (tial fat mutton).
The extracted oil from fresh complete fishs with compared oils intraed on pharmacological system through packed in capsul with and with out garlic`s extract. this system analysis with chemical tests.
Results were analyzed statistically by using the SPSS program with using (CRD)

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 30 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
A Comparative Study of Pressure Losses and Hole Cleaning Efficiency of Water and Polymer solutions in Horizontal Wells
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The main objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of the CMC polymeric drag reducer on the pressure drop occurred along the annulus of the wellbore in drilling operation and investigate the optimum polymer concentration that give the minimum pressure drop. A flow loop was designed for this purpose consist from 14 m long with transparent test section and differential pressure transmitter that allows to sense and measure the pressure losses along the test section. The results from the experimental work show that increasing in polymer concentration help to reduce the pressure drop in annulus and the optimum polymer concentration with the maximum drag reducing is 0.8 kg/m3. Also increasing in flow rate a

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Future Dental Journal
Studying some mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomer before and after incorporation of intrinsic pigments and artificial aging
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Objective Advantageous properties of silicone elastomer made it one of the favorable materials in maxillofacial prosthesis construction, but these properties may change after months of usage or after pigments addition. This study aimed to define the optimum concentration for a mixture of two types of intrinsic pigments that added to VST-50 maxillofacial silicone material and study their effects on mechanical properties before and after artificial aging. Methods After the pilot study was conducted, 0.1% by weight of rayon flocking and 0. 2% by weight of burnt sienna intrinsic pigment concentration was selected because of improvement in tested mechanical properties of VST-50 maxillofacial silicone. A total of one hundred and eighty samples we

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Microbial Pathogenesis
Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of A. baumannii-derived tannase and gallic acid against uropathogenic microorganisms
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Publication Date
Sun May 08 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
The Effect of the Natural and Cultural Environments Factors on the Architectural and Planning Characteristics of Sulaymaniyah Mosques
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Most of the mosques in the Islamic world fall under specific and known forms and patterns to a large extent, and such patterns have grown and evolved from the few basic and uniform models, but they changed slowly due to the impact with a mixture of changing functional requirements and cultural landscapes because of the variables of time and place to form patterns known and famous in this day across parts of the Islamic world and its borders. There was no exception to these patterns, but small numbers of mosques that were probably the result of personal experiences or improvisational resolutions, or in response to specific or temporary stimuli. However, the emergence of a specific pattern which does not belong to any of these patt

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Effect of citric and malic acids concentration on some growth and yield parameters of Vicia faba L. plant.
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An experiment was conducted in the plastic house of the Botanical Garden in the Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad during one growth season. The experiment included the study of the effect of three concentrations of citric acid (0, 75, 150) mg. L-1 and four concentrations of malic acid (0, 50, 100, 150) mg. L-1 and their interaction in some of the growth and yield parameters of the broad bean plant, plant height, dry weight, number of leaves, total chlorophyll content, the number of flowers and pods and the weight of the pod. The experiment was carried out in full random design (4× 3) and with three duplicates, the results showed a significant effect of citric and malic aci

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 08 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Effect of annealing and chemical treatment on structural and optical properties of CuPcTs/PEDOT:PSS (BHJ Blend) thin films
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In this work, The effect of annealing treatment at different temperatures (373, 423 and 473) K and chemical treatment with talwen at different immersion time (40, 60 and 80) min on structural and optical properties of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt/poly dioxyethylenethienylene doped with polystyrenesulphonic acid (CuPcTs/PEDOT:PSS) thin films were investigated. The films were fabricated using spin coating technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements displayed only one peak at 2θ =4.5o corresponding to (001) direction which has dhkl larger than for standard CuPcTs. The dhkl increase then decrease with increasing annealing temperature and
the time of chemical treatment w

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 15 2014
Journal Name
World Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Prevalence of JAK2 V617F Mutation and Serum Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm arises from Bcr-Abl gene translocation(called Ph chromosome) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).JAK2V617F mutation is an acquired singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) occurs in JAK2 gene and is associated with many hematological malignancyother than CML. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation and serum levels ofalkaline phophatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Ph+ CML Iraqi patients treated with imatinib.Blood samples were collected from 42 Ph+ CML patients who have been received at least six month therapywith imatinib. DNA was extracted, and real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used for JAK2V617Fdetection. Serum levels of A

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Internal music in the poetry of guidance In the era of Islam and its effects Artistic and semantic
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In this research entitled "Internal music in the poetry of guidance in the era of Islam and its artistic and semantic implications" dealt with the following:
 Preface, which addressed the importance of internal music in poetry, and its close association with poetry, and the poet himself, to reveal what is touring himself and revolves in his imagination.
 Repetition of all kinds: repetition of letters, repetition of words, and repetition of phrases: It showed what this repetition of strengthening the melody, and linking parts of words within the same house, or the poem, and create a special musical atmosphere to spread a certain significance and to confirm the meanings and accompanied by musical accommodation.
 Anaphysic

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