In the petroleum industry, multiphase flow dynamics within the tubing string have gained significant attention due to associated challenges. Accurately predicting pressure drops and wellbore pressures is crucial for the effective modeling of vertical lift performance (VLP). This study focuses on predicting the multiphase flow behavior in four wells located in the Faihaa oil field in southern Iraq, utilizing PIPESIM software. The process of selecting the most appropriate multiphase correlation was performed by utilizing production test data to construct a comprehensive survey data catalog. Subsequently, the results were compared with the correlations available within the PIPESIM software. The outcomes reveal that the Hagedorn and Brown (HB) correlation provides the most accurate correlation for calculating pressure in FH-1 and FH-3 while the Beggs and Brill original (BBO) correlation proves to be the optimal fit for wells FH-2 and Gomez mechanistic model for FH-4. These correlations show the lowest root mean square (RMS) values of 11.5, 7.56, 8.889, and 6.622 for the four wells, respectively, accompanied by the lowest error ratios of 0.00692%, 0.00033%, 0.00787%, and 0.0011%, respectively. Conversely, Beggs and Brill original (BBO) correlation yields less accurate results in predicting pressure drop for FH-1 compared with other correlations. Similarly, correlations, such as Orkiszewski for FH-2, Duns and Ros for FH-3, and ANSARI for FH-4, also display less accuracy level. Notably, the study also identifies that single-phase flow dominates within the tubing string until a depth of 6000 feet in most wells, beyond which slug flow emerges, introducing significant production challenges. As a result, the study recommends carefully selecting optimal operational conditions encompassing variables such as wellhead pressure, tubing dimensions, and other pertinent parameters. This approach is crucial to prevent the onset of slug flow regime and thus mitigate associated production challenges.
This literary review addresses the status of the most famous Israeli writer, Amos Oz, through the analysis of relevant articles that highlight various aspects of his literary and political orientations, reflecting his ideological and social background. Oz's literature encompasses a mix of political orientations that many critics view as extreme, while others see them as moderate stances indicative of the author's awareness. And these are what strengthened his literary status in modern Hebrew literature.These trends emphasized the contribution of Oz's works to shaping Israeli cultural consciousness and reflect the challenges facing identity in multiple contexts. He was an advocate for equality between Palestinians and Israelis and
... Show MoreBackground: Lymphomas are group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and caused the characteristics lymphadenopathy. Occasionally, they may spill over into blood or infiltrate organs outside the lymphoid tissue. The major subdivision of lymphomas is into Hodgkin lymphoma and non–Hodgkin lymphoma and this is based on the histologic presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma. Salivary immunoglobulin A is the prominent immunoglobulin and is considered to be the main specific defense mechanism in oral cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the level of salivary immunoglobulin A in lymphoma patients before and after chemotherapy treatment. Subjects, materials and methods: The study i
... Show MoreThe qualified subjects for this study included 33 patients with benign and malignant oral tumors aged 15-75 years and 31 matched age and gender healthy subjects used as control. Proteins measurements included total protein, albumin, globulines in sera and saliva samples, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) in sera samples of control and patients. Meanwhile, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to differentiate between protein patterns in both serum and saliva samples among the studied groups. The gel was also stained for glycoprotein to evaluate as well the changes in glycoprotein contents. For total protein, the results revealed a signifigant increase (P?0.01) in both samples (serum and saliva) of patient group. Albumin conce
... Show MoreFinding orthogonal matrices in different sizes is very complex and important because it can be used in different applications like image processing and communications (eg CDMA and OFDM). In this paper we introduce a new method to find orthogonal matrices by using tensor products between two or more orthogonal matrices of real and imaginary numbers with applying it in images and communication signals processing. The output matrices will be orthogonal matrices too and the processing by our new method is very easy compared to other classical methods those use basic proofs. The results are normal and acceptable in communication signals and images but it needs more research works.
This research deals with Salinger's concerns about predicaments of youth like Franny and her brother Zooey. Their predicaments are related to identity, family, religion, beliefs, life and death, education, source of power, and society. It illustrates adults struggle to adapt themselves to live a normal social American life. It proves necessary to balance their coexistence in a materialistic milieu to achieve spiritual peace, tranquility, and stability.
The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of total immunoglobulin E and percentage count of eosinophil in some of allergic disease. Blood sample collected from 210 patients (110 female, 100 male) with allergic disease (allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria) their age between 10-70 years and 50 healthy control their age between 23-52 years. A highly significant (P<0.01) increase in the mean serum total IgE in patients with asthma (503.54 ± 63.49 IU/ml), Allergic rhinitis (442.77 ± 95.76 IU/ml) and urticaria (489.53 ± 69.68 IU/ml) as a compared with healthy controls (23.67 ± 5.81 IU/ml).There was a significant difference in percentage count of eosinophil in patients groups allergic asthma 4.37 ± 0.52% ,allergic rhinitis
... Show MorePolycystic syndrome (PCOS) is a considerable infertility disorder in adolescents and adult women in reproductive age. Obesity is a vigorous risk factor related to POCS. This study aims to evaluate the association of obesity and PCOS by investigating several parameters including: anthropological, biochemical (lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, glucose tolerance test, and hormone levels (LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, Estradiol2 and Testosterone),and genetic parameters (Fat mass and Obesity associated gene (FTO) polymorphism at rs17817449) in 63 obese and non-obese PCOS women. The biochemical tests were investigated by colorimetric methods while FTO gene polymorphism was detected by PCR–RFLP. Lipid profile, F
... Show MoreAutomatic speaker recognition may achieve remarkable performance in matched training and test conditions. Conversely, results drop significantly in incompatible noisy conditions. Furthermore, feature extraction significantly affects performance. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients MFCCs are most commonly used in this field of study. The literature has reported that the conditions for training and testing are highly correlated. Taken together, these facts support strong recommendations for using MFCC features in similar environmental conditions (train/test) for speaker recognition. However, with noise and reverberation present, MFCC performance is not reliable. To address this, we propose a new feature 'entrocy' for accurate and robu
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