Solar energy has significant advantages compared to conventional sources such as coal and natural gas, including no emissions, no need for fuel, and the potential for installation in a wide range of locations with access to sunlight. In this investigation, heterocyclic derivatives were synthesized from several porphyrin derivatives (4,4',4",4"'-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetra benzoic acid) compound (3), obtained by reaction Pyrrole with 4-formyl benzoic acid. Subsequently, porphyrin derivative-component amides 5a, 5b, and 5c were produced by reacting compound (3) with amine derivatives at a 1:4 molar ratio. These derivatives exhibited varying sensitivities for utilization in solar cells, with compound 5a displaying the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 1.37%, as determined by measuring the short circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) (Jsc = 2.24 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.80 mV, FF = 76.5%). Meanwhile, compound 5c exhibited the lowest PCE at 0.94% (Jsc = 1.55 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.750 mV, FF = 76.4%).
Background: Adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells have been used as an alternative to bone marrow cells in this study. Objective: We investigated the in vitro isolation, identification, and differentiation of stem cells into neuron cells, in order to produce neuron cells via cell culture, which would be useful in nerve injury treatment. Method: Mouse adipose mesenchymal stem cells were dissected from the abdominal subcutaneous region. Neural differentiation was induced using β-mercaptoethanol. This study included two different neural stage markers, i.e. nestin and neurofilament light-chain, to detect immature and mature neurons, respectively. Results: The immunocytochemistry results showed that the use of β-mercaptoethanol resulted in
... Show MoreIn this study, a traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) classification system is proposed using a convolutional neural network (CNN) technique with automatically learned features from electromyography (EMG) signals for a non-human primate (NHP) model. A comparison between the proposed classification system and a classical classification method (k-nearest neighbors, kNN) is also presented. Developing such an NHP model with a suitable assessment tool (i.e., classifier) is a crucial step in detecting the effect of TSCI using EMG, which is expected to be essential in the evaluation of the efficacy of new TSCI treatments. Intramuscular EMG data were collected from an agonist/antagonist tail muscle pair for the pre- and post-spinal cord lesi
... Show MoreThe Indian costus plasma properties are investigated including electron temperature (Te), "electron density (ne)", "plasma frequency (fp)", " Debye sphere length", and amount of Debye(Nd), using the spectrum of optical emission technique. There are several energies used, with ranging from 300 to 600 mJ. The Boltzmann Plot is used to calculate the temperature; where as Stark's Line Broadening is used to calculate the electron density. The Indian costus was spectroscopically examined in the air with the laser at 10 cm away from the target and the optical fiber at 0.5 cm away. The results were obtained for an electron temperature range of (1.8-2.2) electron volts (ev) and a wavelength range of (300-600) nm. The XRF analysis reveals th
... Show MoreIn this research, the dynamics process of charge transfer from the sensitized D35CPDT dye to tin(iv) oxide( ) or titanium dioxide ( ) semiconductors are carried out by using a quantum model for charge transfer. Different chemical solvents Pyridine, 2-Methoxyethanol. Ethanol, Acetonitrile, and Methanol have been used with both systems as polar media surrounded the systems. The rate for charge transfer from photo-excitation D35CPDTdye and injection into the conduction band of or semiconductors vary from a to for system and from a to for the system, depending on the charge transfer parameters strength coupling, free energy, potential of donor and acceptor in the system. The charge transfer rate in D35CPDT / the syst
... Show MoreA new Macrocyclic Schiff base ligand Bis[4-hydroxy(1,2-ethylene-dioxidebenzylidene) pheylenediamine] [H2L] and its complexes with (Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) and Cd(II)) are reported . The ligand was prepared in two steps,in the first step a solution of (o-phenylene diamine) in methanol react under reflux with (2,4-dihydroxybenzylaldeyed) to give an (intermediatecompound) [Bis-1,2 (2,4-dihydroxybenzylediene)pheylinediamine] which react in the second step with (1,2- dichloro ethane) giving the mentioned ligand.Then the complexes were synthesis of adding of corresponding metal salts to the solution of the ligand in methanol under reflux with 1:1 metal to ligand ratio. On the basis of, molar conductance, I.R., UV-Vis, chloride content a
... Show MoreMixed ligand of Co and Ni (II) complexes were prepared from [5-(p-nitrophenyl)-4/-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-dithiocarbamato hydrazide](TRZ.DTC) as primary ligand and 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy) as a co-ligand with metal salts. These complexes were analytically and spectroscopically characterized in solid state by elemental analyses, flame atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductance measurements, as well as by UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. Infrared, ultra violet spectra reveal a bidentate coordination of the two ligands with metal ions 1:1:1 mole ratio. Room temperature magnetic moments and solid reflectance spectra data indicate paramagnetic complexes with five-coordinate square pyramidal geometry for nickel (II) comple
... Show MoreSeries of new complexes of the type [M2 (L)Cl4 ] are prepared from the new ligand[N1 ,N4 -bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2- yl)succinamide (L) derived from ethan-1,2-dicarbonyl chloride and 2-aminobenzothiozole,where, M= Ni(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) alsocomplexes of mix-ligands, the type [M(L)(8-HQ)]Cl, where, M = Ni(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii),8-HQ= 8-Hydroxyquinoline. Chemical forms are obtained from their 1 H, 13CNMR, Mass spectra (for (L)), FT-IR and U.V spectrum, melting point, molar conduct.Using flame (AA), % M is determined in the complexes.The content of C, H, N and S in the (L) and its complexes was specified. Magnetic susceptibility and thermal analysis (TGA) of prepared compounds were measured.The propose geometry for all complexes[M2 (L)Cl4 ] wa
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