Osteoporosis is a global health concern with bone frailty and high fracture risk. Existing diagnostic paradigms largely rely on bone scanning and bone mineral density evaluation which are hindered by the delayed prediction of fractures, especially in high-risk groups. This review assesses existing and novel Osteoporosis biomarkers, their mechanisms, clinical efficacy, drawbacks, and discusses the best biomarkers in Osteoporosis risk stratification and management, to convert them into better patient care. An online search was conducted, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar up to June 2026. Passed studies were reviewed critically and organized biomarkers into five different panels: traditional and bone turnover

Schizophrenia (ZP) is a common devastating cognitive disorder; however, the etiology of its incidence remains largely unclear yet. Although some evidence blames both environ ment and genetic factor as main drivers of ZP, but the clear mechanism of their effect elusive till now. Of interest, severe anemia conditions can lead to hypoxia in CNS which disturbs the normal structures and functions of some area in the brain resulting in abnormalities in the neurons communications and decrease synaptic plasticity. Additionally, modulation of cytoskeleton constituents is thought to participate to ZP development. Recently, it has been revealed that iron deficiency, which is the main cause of anemia, has a significant impact on the cytoskeleton

Biodiesel production from microalgae depends on the biomass and lipid production. Both biomass and lipid accumulation is controlled by several factors. The effect of various culture media (BG11, BBM, and Urea), nutrients stress [nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg) and carbonate (CO₃)] and gamma (γ) radiation on the growth and lipid accumulation of   Dictyochloropsis splendida were investigated. The highest biomass and lipid yield of D. splendida were achieved on BG11 medium. Cultivation of D. splendida in a medium containing 3000 mg L⁻¹ N, or 160 mg L⁻¹ P, or 113 mg L⁻¹ Mg, or 20 mg L^-1 CO_3, led to enhanced growth rate. While u

On the basis of known coumarin-based prodrug system, a novel coumarin-based mutual prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and dichloroacetic acid was designed, synthesized and evaluated as a promising oral chemotherapeutic agent basing on in vitro stability study in HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), as well as in vitro release study in human serum. The chemical structure of prodrug was confirmed by analyzing its FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and MS-ESI spectra. The results of in vitro kinetic study indicated that the prodrug was significantly stable in HCl and in phosphate buffers, and was hydrolyzed in human serum followed pseudo first order kinetics.

Keywords: Coumarin-bas

This study examined the tagged (the matter, its ruling, and examples of its applications in Ahmadiyya interpretations), the study of devising formulas of commissioning, especially the matter from the book of interpretation, which is: (Ahmadiyyeh’s interpretations), and the contemplative of the nature of (Ahmadiyya’s interpretations) realizes that the cognitive, linguistic and juristic knowledge product and the verses of judgments And other is the focus of this immortal travel, as it is truly a comprehensive book containing what the students of knowledge, scholars and the general public need in terms of interpreting the legal verses, and it is not possible to reach an understanding of the Book of God Almighty, and to clarify his purpo

This research reviews the aesthetic variables that were founded according to (theatrical rehearsal) as one of the most important pillars on which the theatrical process is based, because of its necessity in developing theatrical art on several levels that helped the theatrical director in organizing his work, and this became clear through the research chapters represented in the first chapter (methodological framework) and the second chapter, which consisted of the first topic (the duality of watching / rehearsal) and the second topic (the applications of theatrical rehearsal in theatrical experiences), all the way to the third chapter (research procedures), which included the analysis of theatrical rehearsals (sharing on life), and the

Objectives: To review the failure rates of molar tubes and the effect of molar tube base design, adhesive type, and bonding technique on the failure rates of molar tubes. Data: The revolution of molar bonding greatly impacted fixed orthodontic appliance treatment by reducing chair-side time and improving patient comfort. Even with the many advantages of molar bonding, clinicians sometimes hesitate to use molar tubes due to their failure rates. Sources: Internet sources, such as Pubmed and Google Scholar. Study selection: studies testing the bond failure rate of molar tubes. Conclusions: The failure rate of the molar tubes can be reduced and the bond strength of the molar tubes can be improved by changing the design of the molar tube base

Cressa cretica (Shuwwayl) is a halophytic that belongs to Convolvulaceae, naturally grown in the Middle East including Iraq. Traditionally the plant is used as a paste for sore treatment, also it is used for fever, jaundice, and other illness. Regarding nonclinical use it is used as goat, sheep, and camel feed also as an oil source. Flavonoids including quercetin, kamepferol, apigenin, and their glycosides, phenolic acid as chlorogenic acid, and phytosterols mainly ?–sitosterol were the most important phytochemicals that were detected in this halophyte. Crude ethanolic, methanolic extracts and ethyl acetate fraction of the areal parts were used in clinical studies and demonstrated various effe