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Assessment of the Impact of Adhesive and Wires Types on the Tensile Bond Strength of Fixed Lingual Retainers Used in Orthodontics: An In Vitro Study
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Introduction: We aimed to assess the impact of adhesive and wires types on the tensile bond strength of fixed lingual retainers. Methods: A total of 160 intact bovine teeth were collected, cleaned, stored in 25% sodium hypochlorite, and randomly assigned to two groups based on the adhesive type: a two-step adhesive and a one-step adhesive. Each group was further divided into four subgroups based on the type of lingual retainer wire, which included (A) 8-strand braided stainless steel wire, (B) three-strand titanium retainer wire, (C) stainless steel chain, and (D) fiber-reinforced retainer. A tensile bond strength test was conducted using a universal testing machine at a controlled speed of 10 mm/min. Result: The 8-strand braided stainless steel wire and stainless steel chain bonded by one-step self-priming adhesive showed significantly higher tensile bond strength (P < 0.001). The adhesive wire significantly affected the tensile bond strength (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that stainless steel wire and chain bonded by one-step self-priming adhesive showed higher tensile bond strength.

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 05 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Bacteriological and Chemical Study on the Effect of Lead in Blood and Saliva of Workers at Batteries Industry in Baghdad
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Objectives: The study aims at:
1- Measuring the level of lead in workers’ saliva and blood in the factory.
2- Studying the correlation between the saliva lead level and the infection that caused by microorganisms, isolation and
identification.
3-Studying the influence of high blood lead level on the total white blood cells.
Methodology: This study has been conducted for the period from March 15th, 2010 to May, 20th
, 2010. A total of (60)
saliva and blood samples were collected from workers in batteries industry factory in Baghdad and another (20) samples
were collected as a control group. Lead level had been measured in blood and saliva samples, then microorganisms were
isolated the from the saliva samples.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of managing employees' performance in building intellectual capital Analytical study of the views of a sample of heads of scientific departments At the University of Kirkuk
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The research aims to identify the impact of managing performance's employees in building intellectual capital, Because employing the practice of managing the performance of employees may acquire familiar skills to improve their performance and reflect on the construction of intellectual capital in the surveyed area, Especially that the independent dimension represented by the management of the performance of employees is one of the important topics that has received attention in the world of management in general and human resource management in particular.  While the adopted dimension was represented by Intellectual capital in the important practice of human resource management in the increasing of  their knowledge, to

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Selection of the initial value of the time series generating the first-order self-regression model in simulation modeAnd their impact on the accuracy of the model
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In this paper, compared eight methods for generating the initial value and the impact of these methods to estimate the parameter of a autoregressive model, as was the use of three of the most popular methods to estimate the model and the most commonly used by researchers MLL method, Barg method  and the least squares method and that using the method of simulation model  first order autoregressive through the design of a number of simulation experiments and the different sizes of the samples.

                  

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 18 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The agenda of the French news agency AFP in dealing with the press image of the peaceful resistance The Great Return Marches as a model "an analytical study" “A analytical study”
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The study aimed to identify the treatment of the press image of the Great Return Marches in the French international news agency AFP by knowing the most important issues, their direction and the degree of interest in them. The study belongs to the descriptive research, and used the survey method, within the context of the content analysis method, and the researcher relied on the content analysis form tool and the interview tool to collect data. The study population is represented in the photos published by the French News Agency about the Great Return Marches during the period (end of March / 2018 until the end of November / 2019. The researcher chose an intentional sample using the Complete Census method. The study material represented

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2023
Journal Name
Sport Tk-revista Euroamericana De Ciencias Del Deporte
Effect of an exercise program on physical-kinetic intelligence and the skills of dribbling and shooting in basketball among female students
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The current research aimed to study the effect of an exercise program on physical-kinetic intelligence and the skills of dribbling and shooting in basketball among female students. The research community was composed of 102 female students in the second stage of the Physical Education and Sports Sciences College for Girls of Baghdad University, in the academic year 2021-2022. A total of 40 female students were the sample of the study: 20 female students in the control group and 20 female students in the experimental group. After the implementation of the exercise program, there were significant improvements from pre-tests to post tests in the two groups (control and experimental groups), in physical-kinetic intelligenc

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 13 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Periodontal Health Status and Assessment of Osteocalcin levels in Saliva of Diabetic Patients and Systemically Healthy Persons (Comparative study)
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ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes and periodontitis are complicated prolonged disorders through a recognized two-way association. There is elongated-conventional mark that hyperglycaemia in diabetes is affected on immune-inflammatory response and disturb the action of osteoclast and in balance bone turnover, which might rise the person vulnerability to the progress of prolonged periodontitis. Osteocalcin is one of the greatest plentiful matrix proteins originate in bones and produced absolutely there. Small osteocalcin crumbles are noticed in regions of bone remodeling and are in fact degradation products of the bone matrix, that is released outside cells into the Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and saliva after destruction of periodontal tissu

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 18 2025
Journal Name
Al-fatih Journal
The impact of training on the sand development in the carrying(Speed &amp;#8203;&amp;#8203;and power performance) BalambarzhEmpirical researchOn the young players Basra Balambarzh
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تعد المبارزة أحد الألعاب الرياضية التي يتأثر فيها الأداء بتطور القدرات الخاصة بالأداء ومنها تحمل (سرعة وقوة الأداء ),وأن أكثر الأساليب السابقة في تدريب تطوير تحمل(سرعة وقوة الأداء) بالمبارزة تكون على ارض صلبة مثل الخشب والألمنيوم آو الإسفلت وفي بعض القاعات يكون التارتان, وظل هذا الأسلوب لفترات طويلة في العراق ،حيث تستخدم تدريبات الإثقال التي تعمل على تنمية تحمل القوة . أما في الوقت الحاضر فقد ظهر اتجاه حديث في

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 12 2016
Journal Name
World Journal Of Experimental Biosciences
Effect of honey and sodium bicarbonate on formation inhibition and removal of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm in vitro
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 18 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
International Public Relations (An Analytical Study of the Speeches of US President Barack Obama Addressed to the Arab Countries in Crisis)
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In the midst of political, cultural and economic fast developments accelerated, the world witnessed, with the accompanied big communication revolutions, many shapes of powers. Those developments were followed by changes in relations of international level.

The most prominent among those developments was the international public relations which became equal to official international relations. Moreover, the international public relations became a complementary element dur to the growth of public opinion and its affection on political regime. Such growth of public opinion pushed the politicians to address it; and try to gain its support.

The US was the first realized the importance of international public relations. Th

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Publication Date
Mon May 17 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology
The Relative Contribution of the Flexibility for the Hip Joint, the Angle of the Knees, and the Muscular Strength for Arms of Performance of the Front and Back Rolling Skills, Opening on the Floor Movement Mat
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In order to improve the students’ performance level in some of the skills that are implemented on the mat device of ground movements, including the front and rear rolling, it is necessary to study the most important indicators that have a clear impact on the performance of those rolls. Among the objectives of the research: To identify the percentage of the contribution of flexibility of the hip joint, the angle of the knees and the muscular strength of the arms in the performance of the front and rear rolling skills, an opening of the research sample. The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the work, and the research community was represented by students of the third st

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