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A Comparative Study of the Average Motor Response Time for the Arms and Legs of Handball, Basketball, and Volleyball Players Aged 14-16 Years
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Background. The motor response is a fundamental ability that is evident during any physical or motor activity. However, the need for this ability varies from one sport to another and depends on the specific skills required in each sport. Objectives. This study aims to compare the average motor reaction times of the arm and leg among handball, basketball, and volleyball players aged 14 to 16 years. Methods. The sample included 30 players aged 14-16 years from the sports talent care center, evenly distributed on handball, basketball, and volleyball. Standardized tests were used to measure the speed of motor response, including the Batak Micro test for hands, which records the number of responses to light stimuli in 30 seconds, and the Saqer test for legs, which measures the response time to a visual stimulus by running towards a colored cone and recording the best time of six attempts. Results. The results showed statistically significant differences in the speed of motor response between handball, basketball and volleyball players, reaching a value of F=9.79, p=0.01, which indicates significant differences at a significance level of 0.05. Handball players excelled in the motor response test of the hands with an average 55 and a standard variation 2.21, while volleyball players scored the best in the two-man motor response test (Saqer) with an average time 1.25 seconds and a standard deviation 0.12. Conclusion. The study concluded that the speed of motor response in both arms and legs is crucial for athletic performance in this age group. Volleyball players outperformed their handball and basketball counterparts in arm response speed, and they also excelled compared to handball players in the motor response test.

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 13 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Problemic of the ambiguous relationship between the media and terrorism, and the problems arising from… An exploratory study of a sample of journalists, writers and researchers in Baghdad
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This study examined the problematic of the ambiguous relationship between the media and terrorism and the problems that result from press coverage of terroristic incidents. The paper sought to show the classification and confrontation of such incidents had been established from the point of view of a sample of media professionals, researchers and writers who are frequenters of Al-Mutanabi Street in Baghdad. The media outlets that carry this coverage would not give up their media mission as well as the terrorists would not be given an opportunity to take advantage of this coverage in achieving their goals and objectives. Furthermore, the terrorist organizations would have no chance to exploit these means to deliver their terroristic messa

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy
Optimisation of operating parameters on the performance characteristics of a free piston engine linear generator fuelled by CNG–H2 blends using the response surface methodology (RSM)
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The free piston engine linear generator (FPELG) is a simple engine structure with few components, making it a promising power generation system. However, because the engine works without a crankshaft, the handling of the piston motion control (PMC) is the main challenge influencing the stability and performance of FPELGs. In this article, the optimal operating parameters of FPELG for maximising engine performance and reducing exhaust gas emissions were studied. Moreover, the influence of adding hydrogen (H2) to compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel on FPELG performance was investigated. The influence of operating parameters on in-cylinder pressure was also analysed. The single-piston FPELG fuelled by CNG blended with H2 was used to run the expe

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 13 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Photogrammetric analysis of facial soft tissue profile of Iraqi adults sample with Class II div.1 and Class III malocclusion: (A comparative study)
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Background: The purposes of this study were to determine the photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile measurements for Iraqi adults sample with class II div.1 and class III malocclusion using standardized photographic techniques and to verify the existence of possible gender differences. Materials & methods: Seventy five Iraqi adult subjects, 50 class II div.1 malocclusion (24 males and 26 females), 25 class III malocclusion (14 males and 11 females), with an age range from 18-25 years. Each individual was subjected to clinical examination and digital standardized right side photographic records were taken in the natural head position. The photographs were analyzed using AutoCAD program 2007 to measure the distances and angles used in t

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2013
Journal Name
American Journal Of Dermatology And Venereology
Topical Adapalene 0.1% Gel versus Topical Combination of (Tretinoin 0.025% and Erythromycin 4%) Gel in Treatment of AcneVulgaris (A Split Face Comparative Study)
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HR Al-Hamamy, AA Noaimi, HA Salman, NAA Jabbar, American Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 2013

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2003
Journal Name
Ieee Transactions On Energy Conversion
Helical motion tubular induction motor
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Publication Date
Tue Oct 13 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of nutritional status on mesiodistal and bucco/ lingual or palatal diameters of permanent teeth among fifteen years old students
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Background: Malnutrition during human growth affects the size of the tissues at different stages of life, body proportions, body chemistry, as well as quality and texture of tissues. Teeth are particularly sensitive to malnutrition. Malnutrition may affect odontometric measurement involving tooth size dimensions. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of nutrition on teeth size dimension measurements among students aged 15 years old. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among malnourished group in comparison to well-nourished group matching with age and gender. The present study included 167 students aged 15 years (83 malnourished and 84 well-nourished). The assessment of nutritional status was done by using body mass

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 13 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The Effect of Nutritional Status on Mesiodistal and Bucco-Lingual (Palatal) Diameters of Primary Teeth among Five Years Old Kindergarten Children
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Background: Malnutrition in human life may adversely affect various aspects of growth at different stages of life. Teeth are particularly sensitive to malnutrition. Malnutrition may affect odontometric measurement involving tooth size dimensions. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of nutrition on teeth size dimension measurements among children aged 5 years old. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among malnourished group in comparison to well-nourished group matching with age and gender. The present study included 158 children aged 5 years (78 malnourished and 80 well-nourished). The assessment of nutritional status was done by using three nutritional indicators, namely Height-for-age, Weight-for-age and Weight-fo

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Begging Phenomenon Between the Destitution Plight and the Material Greedy - A Field Study in the City of Baghdad
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Begging is an ancient social phenomenon since the Man's creation. It was simple at its beginning to get a living and the family needed, but presently, this simple social phenomenon converted to a big phenomenon which controlled by competent groups away from the values and principles. Their doings are far from humanity representing by the cutting of a hand or a foot and facial distortion or removed eye as a way of attracting people's emotions to get material and incorporeal helps; these doings became a trade which is exchanged by slave traders. Furthermore, different illegal and greedy methods were followed as a way of blackmailing others; contrariwise other cases of begging are doing by a people who real poor and needy. In this case, the

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 09 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-farahidi’s Arts
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Machine Translation and Their Role in Bridging Semantic Gaps Across Languages: A Comparative Analytical Study of Chat GPT and Deep Seek
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With the fast-growing of neural machine translation (NMT), there is still a lack of insight into the performance of these models on semantically and culturally rich texts, especially between linguistically distant languages like Arabic and English. In this paper, we investigate the performance of two state-of-the-art AI translation systems (ChatGPT, DeepSeek) when translating Arabic texts to English in three different genres: journalistic, literary, and technical. The study utilizes a mixed-method evaluation methodology based on a balanced corpus of 60 Arabic source texts from the three genres. Objective measures, including BLEU and TER, and subjective evaluations from human translators were employed to determine the semantic, contextual an

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 17 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
comparison between the methods estimate nonparametric and semiparametric transfer function model in time series the Using simulation
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 The transfer function model the basic concepts in the time series. This model is used in the case of multivariate time series. As for the design of this model, it depends on the available data in the time series and other information in the series so when the representation of the transfer function model depends on the representation of the data In this research, the transfer function has been estimated using the style nonparametric represented in two method  local linear regression and cubic smoothing spline method The method of semi-parametric represented use semiparametric single index model, With four proposals, , That the goal of this research is comparing the capabilities of the above mentioned m

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