This study involved preparation of Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using Hummer method and chemical method respectively. These carbon nanomaterials were used as starting material to make novel functionalize with thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) which was prepared by reacting CS2 with hydrazine to form GO or RGO- 4-amino,5-substituted 1H,1,2,4 Triazole 5(4H) thion (ASTT) ,(GOT) and( RGOT) respectively via cyclocondensation reaction. Also MnO2 nanorod was prepared to form hybridized with GOT and RGOT. A commercial multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and functionalization with carboxylic groups' (f-MWCNT) and its nanocomposite with GOT were also prepared. All carbon nanomaterials were characterized with different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental analysis. XRD showed presence diffraction peak at 11.95 for GO and this diffraction disappeared for RGO. Diffraction peak of crystal planes for MnO2 matched well with standard data. The diameter of MnO2 nanotubes was determined using Debye scherrer equation and found to be 11.6nm corresponding with AFM image. The AFM images proves the growth of MnO2 nanotubes from the MnO2 nano spherical shape these images are very rare in the scientific literature. The real permittivity (ε'), imaginary permittivity (ε") and a.c conductivity (S.m-1) of all nanomaterials were measured by LCR meter at frequencies ranging from 100Hz to 100 KHz. The result showed the values of the real permittivity for RGO higher than GO at all frequencies while RGOTM have lower values of real permittivity at low frequency due to presence of MnO2 nanorods which affected the accumulation of charges. The imaginary permittivity of f-MWCNT-GOT and RGO were at low frequency higher than the real values due to their high conductivity. Also imaginary permittivity of f-MWCNT-GOT nanocomposites at all frequencies higher than real which have negative values at frequencies in range 400 to 4KHz .a.c conductivity for RGO and f-MWCNT-GOT nanocomposite have higher values compared with all prepared nanomaterial, at the same time the modified WE with f-MWCNT-GOT nanocomposite show the best detection limits in comparison with other prepared modified WE. Also the prepared nanomaterials were used to study novel sensing system and develop electrochemical sensor capable of detecting some of antibiotics such as Ampicillin (AMP), Amoxilline (AMOX) which have β-lactam ring and Tetracycline (TET) which contains four hydrocarbon rings using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique via modification of the working electrode of the SPCE with the prepared nanomaterial by deposition process. f-MWCNT-GOT/SPCE nanocomposite showed higher electrochemical reaction response and lower limit of detection. The working electrodes surfaces were studied with AFM and SEM techniques. The value of apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) was determined using the value of electron transfer coefficient (α) and the result showed that f-MWCNT-GOT/SPCE showed higher (ks).
The utilization of sugarcane molasses (SCM), a byproduct of sugar refining, offers a promising bio-based alternative to conventional chemical admixtures in cementitious systems. This study investigates the effects of SCM at five dosage levels, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, and 1.25% by weight of cement, on cement mortar performance across fresh, mechanical, thermal, durability, and density criteria. A comprehensive experimental methodology was employed, including flow table testing, compressive strength (7, 14, and 28 days) and flexural strength measurements, embedded thermal sensors for real-time hydration monitoring, water absorption and chloride ion penetration tests, as well as 28-day density determination. Results revealed clear
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An intrusion detection system (IDS) is key to having a comprehensive cybersecurity solution against any attack, and artificial intelligence techniques have been combined with all the features of the IoT to improve security. In response to this, in this research, an IDS technique driven by a modified random forest algorithm has been formulated to improve the system for IoT. To this end, the target is made as one-hot encoding, bootstrapping with less redundancy, adding a hybrid features selection method into the random forest algorithm, and modifying the ranking stage in the random forest algorithm. Furthermore, three datasets have been used in this research, IoTID20, UNSW-NB15, and IoT-23. The results are compared with the three datasets men
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In this study, aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) were prepared using explosive strips method in double-distilled deionized water (DDDW), where the effect of five different currents (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 A) on particle size and distribution was studied. Also, the explosive strips method was used to decorate zinc oxide particles with Al particles, where Al particles were prepared in suspended from zinc oxide with DDDW. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction are used to characterize the nanoparticles. XRD pattern were examined for three samples of aluminum particles and DDDW prepared with three current values (25, 75 and 125 A) and three samples prepared with the same currents for zin
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In this study, Zinc oxide nanostructures were synthesized via a hydrothermal method by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide as a precursor. Three different annealing temperatures were used to study their effect on ZnO NSs properties. The synthesized nanostructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Their optical properties were studied by using UV -visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirms that all ZnO nanostructures have the hexagonal wurtzite structure with average crystallite size within the range of (30.59 - 34
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Tax governance is a set of legal means that directs the tax administration to deal in good faith with taxpayers based on transparency, integrity and accountability while ensuring the achievement of tax justice and works to introduce advanced means by which it deals with all stakeholders.
In this study, we try to explain its rooting and legal nature by shedding light on the position of some international organizations and their internal legislation in the context of public finance.
Man has a great role in the development of society in all fields, and therefore the human thought played a great role in its continuous pursuit and insight into the social classes that differ in their privileges, which makes the members of society not reconcile because of that disparity that is not based on human principles, so one class exploits another, and this is what stopped me Rather, it prompted me to choose the topic (class and its impact on society) in order to show the impact of classes on each other negatively and positively, so I work to avoid the first with the recommendations I put forward and offer guidance, and strengthen the second, and after this topic of necessity in a place because of the imbalance and promise of appr
... Show MoreThe Hartley transform generalizes to the fractional Hartley transform (FRHT) which gives various uses in different fields of image encryption. Unfortunately, the available literature of fractional Hartley transform is unable to provide its inversion theorem. So accordingly original function cannot retrieve directly, which restrict its applications. The intension of this paper is to propose inversion theorem of fractional Hartley transform to overcome this drawback. Moreover, some properties of fractional Hartley transform are discussed in this paper.
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