This study involved preparation of Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using Hummer method and chemical method respectively. These carbon nanomaterials were used as starting material to make novel functionalize with thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) which was prepared by reacting CS2 with hydrazine to form GO or RGO- 4-amino,5-substituted 1H,1,2,4 Triazole 5(4H) thion (ASTT) ,(GOT) and( RGOT) respectively via cyclocondensation reaction. Also MnO2 nanorod was prepared to form hybridized with GOT and RGOT. A commercial multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and functionalization with carboxylic groups' (f-MWCNT) and its nanocomposite with GOT were also prepared. All carbon nanomaterials were characterized with different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental analysis. XRD showed presence diffraction peak at 11.95 for GO and this diffraction disappeared for RGO. Diffraction peak of crystal planes for MnO2 matched well with standard data. The diameter of MnO2 nanotubes was determined using Debye scherrer equation and found to be 11.6nm corresponding with AFM image. The AFM images proves the growth of MnO2 nanotubes from the MnO2 nano spherical shape these images are very rare in the scientific literature. The real permittivity (ε'), imaginary permittivity (ε") and a.c conductivity (S.m-1) of all nanomaterials were measured by LCR meter at frequencies ranging from 100Hz to 100 KHz. The result showed the values of the real permittivity for RGO higher than GO at all frequencies while RGOTM have lower values of real permittivity at low frequency due to presence of MnO2 nanorods which affected the accumulation of charges. The imaginary permittivity of f-MWCNT-GOT and RGO were at low frequency higher than the real values due to their high conductivity. Also imaginary permittivity of f-MWCNT-GOT nanocomposites at all frequencies higher than real which have negative values at frequencies in range 400 to 4KHz .a.c conductivity for RGO and f-MWCNT-GOT nanocomposite have higher values compared with all prepared nanomaterial, at the same time the modified WE with f-MWCNT-GOT nanocomposite show the best detection limits in comparison with other prepared modified WE. Also the prepared nanomaterials were used to study novel sensing system and develop electrochemical sensor capable of detecting some of antibiotics such as Ampicillin (AMP), Amoxilline (AMOX) which have β-lactam ring and Tetracycline (TET) which contains four hydrocarbon rings using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique via modification of the working electrode of the SPCE with the prepared nanomaterial by deposition process. f-MWCNT-GOT/SPCE nanocomposite showed higher electrochemical reaction response and lower limit of detection. The working electrodes surfaces were studied with AFM and SEM techniques. The value of apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) was determined using the value of electron transfer coefficient (α) and the result showed that f-MWCNT-GOT/SPCE showed higher (ks).
A pioneering idea for increasing the thermal performance of heat transfer fluids was to use ultrafine solid particles suspended in the base fluid. Nanofluids, synthesized by mixing solid nanometer sized particles at low concentrations with the base fluid, were used as a new heat transfer fluid and developed a remarkable effect on the thermophysical properties and heat transfer coefficient. For any nanofluid to be usable in heat transfer applications, the main concern is its long-term stability. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of using four different surfactants (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and gum Arabic (GA)), each with three different
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Incorporating the LiDAR sensor in the most recent Apple devices represents a substantial development in 3D mapping technology. Meanwhile, Apple's Lidar is still a new sensor. Therefore, this article reviews the potential uses of the Apple Lidar sensor in various fields, including engineering and construction, focusing on indoor and outdoor as-built 3D mapping and cultural heritage conservation. The affordable cost and shorter observation times compared to traditional surveying and other remote sensing techniques make the Apple Lidar an attractive choice among scholars and professionals. This article highlights the need for continued research on the Apple LiDAR sensor technology while discussing its specifications and limitations. A
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This study concerns the removal of a trihydrate antibiotic (Amoxicillin) from synthetically contaminated water by adsorption on modified bentonite. The bentonite was modified using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB), which turned it from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic material. The effects of different parameters were studied in batch experiments. These parameters were contact time, solution pH, agitation speed, initial concentration (C0) of the contaminant, and adsorbent dosage. Maximum removal of amoxicillin (93 %) was achieved at contact time = 240 min, pH = 10, agitation speed = 200 rpm, initial concentration = 30 ppm, and adsorbent dosage = 3 g bentonite per 1L of pollutant solution. The characterization of the adsorbent, modi
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In this research, the size strain plot method was used to estimate the particle size and lattice strain of CaTiO3 nanoparticles. The SSP method was developed to calculate new variables, namely stress, and strain energy, and the results were crystallite size (44.7181794 nm) lattice strain (0.001211), This method has been modified to calculate new variables such as stress and its value (184.3046308X10-3Mpa) and strain energy and its value (1.115833287X10-6 KJm-3).
Thermal conductivity for epoxy composites filled with Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are
calculated, it found that increasing the weight ratio of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 lead to
increase in the values of thermal conductivity, but the epoxy composite filled with
Fe2O3, have values of thermal conductivity less than for epoxy composite filled with
Al2O3, for the same weight ratio. Also thermal conductivity calculated for epoxy
composites by contact to every two specimens (like sandwich) content same weight
ratio of alumina-oxide and ferrite-oxide, its found that the value of thermal
conductivity lays between the values of epoxy filled Al2O3 and of epoxy filled Fe2O3
Due to their attractive properties, silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) are newly used as nanoelectrodes in continuous wave (CW) THz photomixer. However, since these nanowires have small contact area, the nanowires fill factor in the photomixer active region is low, which leads to reduce the nanowires conductivity. In this work, we proposed to add graphene nanoantenna array as nanoelectrodes to the silver nanowires-based photomixer to improve the conductivity. In addition, the graphene nanoantenna array and the silver nanowires form new hybrid nanoelectrodes for the CW-THz photomixer leading to improve the device conversion efficiency by the plasmonic effect. Two types of graphene nanoantenna array are proposed in two separate photomixer conf
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This study is a try to compare between the traditional Schwarzschild’s radius and the equation of Schwarzschild’s radius including the photon’s wavelength that is suggested by Kanarev for black holes to correct the error in the calculation of the gravitational radius where the wavelengths of the electromagnetic radiation will be in our calculation. By using the different wavelengths; from radio waves to gamma ray for arbitrary black holes (ordinary and supermassive).
In this study, the nanocrystal-ZnS-loaded graphene was synthesized by a facile coprecipitation route. The effect of graphene on the characterization of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) was investigated. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results reveal that ZnS has cubic system while hexagonal structure which is observed by loading graphene during the preparation of ZnS. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis proved the presence of all expected elements in the prepared materials. Nanosize of fabricated materials has been measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. This study also found that the graphene plays a critical role in lowering the optical energy gap of ZnS nanoparticles from 4 eV to 3.2 eV. The characterization of detec
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Leuconostoc bacteria was isolated from local pickled cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata) and identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides by morphology,biochemical and physiological. The local isolated L. mesenteroides bacteria under the optimal conditions of dextran production showed that, the highly production of dextran was 7.7g achieved by using a modified natural media comprised of 100ml whey, 10g refined sugar, 0.5g heated yeast extract, 0.01g CaCl2, 0.001g MgSO4, 0.001g MnCl2 and 0.001g NaCl at pH 6 and 25̊C for 24 hr of fermentation and by using 1ᵡ106 cell/ml as initial inoculums volume. Some applications in food technology (Ice cream, Loaf, Ketchup and Beef preservation) have been performed with processed dextran. The result