Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic parasitic disease found in many provinces of Iraq. The immune system plays a crucial role in the development or healing of lesions through chemotactic cytokine activity. This study was aimed to detect the levels of two chemokine ligands (CCL2 and CCL5) in Iraqi patients suffering from dermal ulcers, caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis. It was measured in pre and post-treatment state of Pentostam (Pentavalent Antimony 100 mg). Blood serum concentrations of CCL2, CCL5 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay among newly infected patients, two-trial treatment patients and three-trial treatment patients, in comparison with the control group. The result indicated a significant differ

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. This work was conducted to estimate the roles of oxidative stress, vitamin B12, homocysteine (HCY), and DNA methylation in BC disease progression. Sixty BC patients (age range 33–80 years) and 30 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Patients with BC were split to group 1 consisted of stage II BC women (low level), and group 2 consisted of patients in stages III and IV (high level). Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), HCY, and vitamin B12 levels in the study groups were measured. Also, the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) global DNA methylation levels were evaluated. The results showed a significant

   A simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed for the analysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in pure form and pharmaceutical preparation. The method involves a direct charge transfer complexation of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in alkaline medium and the presence of hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. Variables affecting the formation of the formed orange colored complex were optimized following two approaches univariate and central composite experimental design (CCD) multivariate. Under optimum recommended conditions, the formed complex exhibits λmax at 512 nm and the method conforms Beer's law for SMZ concentration in the range of 5.0-150.0 (µg.mL-1) with molar absorptivi

This paper concerned with development of a spectrophotometric method for the determination of paracetamol, based on the diazotisation and coupling reaction with anthranilic acid in basic medium, to form an intense yellow coloured, water-soluble and stable azo-dye which shows a maximum absorption at 421nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1.0-10 µg/ml; with molar absorptivity of 2.1772×104 L.mol -1.cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity index 6.9446 µg.cm-2. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulation. 

An accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carbamazepine (CRN.) in pure and dosage forms. The method is based on the oxidation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPHz) by potassium periodate than coupling with carbamazepine (CRN.) in alkaline medium to form a stable yellowish brown colored water-soluble dye with a maximum absorption at 485 nm. The variables that affect the completion of reaction have been carefully optimized. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of (4-50 μg.mL-1) with molar absorptivity of (6.7335×103 L.mol-1.cm1). The limit of detection was (0.1052 μg.mL-1) and Sandell’s sensitivity value was 0.0350 μg.cm-2.The proposed method

 An accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carbamazepine (CRN.) in pure and dosage forms. The method is based on the oxidation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPHz) by potassium periodate than coupling with carbamazepine (CRN.) in alkaline medium to form a stable yellowish brown colored water-soluble dye with a maximum absorption at 485 nm. The variables that affect the completion of reaction have been carefully optimized. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of     (4-50 μg.mL-1) with molar absorptivity of (6.7335×103 L.mol-1.cm1). The limit of detection was (0.1052 μg.mL-1) and Sandell’s sensitivity value was 0.0350 μg.cm-2.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on semen parameters, level of sex hormone and sperm DNA integrity. Semen samples were collected from (85) infertile men and (40) healthy fertile men with range of age (38.191 ± 0.84) years during their attendance at High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and ART, Al-Nahrain University from March to June 2016. Semen samples were obtained by masturbation after 72 hours of abstinence. Seminal fluid analyses included semen volume, sperm concentration, percent sperm motility, percent sperm morphology, and sperm chromatin integrity DNA fragmentation index (DFI]). Serum samples were collected from each subject for determination the level of Follicle Stim

After the information revolution that occurred in the Western world, and the developments in all fields, especially in the field of education and e-learning, from an integrated system based on the effective employment of information and communication technology in the teaching and learning processes through an environment rich in computer and Internet applications, the community and the learner were able to access information sources and learning at any time and place, in a way that achieves mutual interaction between the elements of the system and the surrounding environment. After the occurrence of the phenomenon of Covid 19, it led to a major interruption in all educational systems that had never happened before, and the disrupt

     Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have unique properties as antibacterial effects against locally isolated clinical Escherichia coli.  In this study, the evaluated the antibacterial activity of AgNPs, which were synthesized by laser ablation, against locally isolated clinical  Escherichia coli on nutrient agar media in vitro. Then assessed the toxicity of the bactericidal dose in albino rats in vivo with hematological, liver, and kidney functions as vital parameters. AgNPs were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL).  AgNPs’ shape and nano size were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (