Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) were investigated in 143 pretreatment orthodontic patients (43 males and 102 females) whose age ranged between 10-25 years at the College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The study was undertaken to elucidate the prevalence and severity of TMDs in malocclusion patients and to defme the relationships between malocclusion and TMDs. The clinical signs and subjective symptoms were recorded according to the principles introduced by Helkimo (1974b). Subjective symptoms were reported by 65.7% of the patients with 22.40/0 described as severe, and the most common symptoms were TMJ sounds and feeling offatigue. Clinical signs were observed in 81.8% of the sample with 22.4 and 6.3% described as moderate and severe, respectively, and the most common signs were muscle and TMJ tenderness to palpation. Significant sex differences were few and weak. However, tenderness to palpation decreased with age and dysfunction increased with age. Recurrent headache was reported by 38.5% ofthe sample, significantly more by females than males. Oral parafunctions were found in 78.3% ofthe patients, with females significantly more aware of orofacial parafunctions than males. Dental wear was observed in nearly all the patients increasing in severity significantly with age for all dental regions~ Class II malocclusion, both divisions 1 and 2, were unrelated to TMDs, while an overjet greater than 8 mm and an overbite of 5 mm or more predisposed to TMDs. True class III malocclusion and reversed overjet were associated with TMDs, while postural class III malocclusion, forward mandibular displacement and open bite were not. Inverted incisors and posterior crossbite were positively associated with TMDs signs, especially bilateral posterior crossbite. Upper anterior crowding appeared to predispose to TMDs, while lower anterior crowding, upper and lower anterior spacing were negatively associated with TMDs. The results of this study show that TMDs are more prevalent in orthodontic patients than in general population indicating the adverse effect of malocclusion on the function ofthe masticatory system; and that the incisor relationship is more important than the general occlusion (Angle's classification) in predisposing to TMDs.
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Background: Complete analysis of facial profile should also include an evaluation of soft tissue morphology. Materials and Method:The sample consisted of 90 Iraqi adults (45 males and 45 females) aged 18-25 years from Baghdad city divided into 3 groups according to the ANB angle with 30 subjects in each group (15 males and 15 females) for class I, II and III. Lateral cephalometric radiograph was taken for each subject and 8 angular and 5 linear measurements were identified and determined, t-test, ANOVA and LSD test were used to compare between both genders and between different classes. Results:Showed that females had greater angular measurements and smaller linear measurements with more lip prominence than males in all classes, there was m
... Show MoreBackground: One common undesirable side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of incipient caries lesions around brackets, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene. Different methods have been used to prevent demineralization; the recent effort to improve the resistance against the demineralization is by the application of lasers. Materials and method: Thirty human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used to test the effect of two energy level of ER-YAG laser on enamel resistance to demineralization. The brackets were bonded on the teeth and all the labial surface excluding 2 mm area gingival to the brackets were painted with acid resistance varnish. Three groups were generated. The fi
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The art of batik is one of the ancient arts that has a long history in East Asian countries, especially in Indonesia, where it was considered a traditional craft with which many Indonesian tribes lived. This art began to move to other continents and develops and progresses due to the artist’s connection to the surrounding technological and intellectual development, as art became more outgoing and liberated, it helped the artist to create and innovate in his designs. In this research, he focuses on modern performance methods through which print paintings can be produced through design elements, especially calligraphy, to create aesthetic and creative effects in the productive work. The current research aims to identify the various perfo
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Tensile strength is a critical property of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavements and is closely related to distresses such as fatigue cracking. This study aims to evaluate methods for assessing fatigue cracking in Asphalt Concrete (AC) mixes. In order to achieve optimum density at different binder contents, the mixes were compressed using a gyratory compactor. Tensile strength was assessed using the Indirect Tensile (IDT) and Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) tests. The results showed that the tensile strength measured by the SCB test was consistently higher than that measured by the IDT test at 25 °C. In addition, the SCB test showed a stronger correlation between increasing binder content and tensile strength. For binder contents ranging from 4
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Background: Surgical injury to alveolar bone can temporarily accelerate tooth movement by increasing the remodeling rate of alveolar bone. The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate maxillary canine retraction acceleration with corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics, and its effect on vitality of pulp and gingival sulcus depth. Materials and method: The sample consisted of 12 adult patients (4 males, 8 females; mean age, 21.7 years) requiring the therapeutic extraction of the maxillary first premolars, with subsequent retraction of the maxillary canines. Surgical holes were done mesially and distally to the side with more space between canine and second premolar, and the other side served as the control. Canine retraction was done
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify the level of awareness of student teachers in the behavioral disorders and autism specialization about the diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder and Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder according to some variables. The study was conducted on a sample of (113) student teachers. The researcher employed the awareness scale of a teacher-screening questionnaire for autism spectrum disorder and social pragmatic communication disorder. The results showed that the average of teachers in the total degree of awareness of autism spectrum disorder and social communication have recorded a moderate degree. As for the awareness of autism spectrum disorder was high. Then, the awareness of social communication disorder wa
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