Pectin is available in many plants and in this study, the peels of tomatoes and beet were used to be an economical source of pectin production instead of dumping it with waste or using it as animal feed. The pectin extracted from the peels using different solutions, namely citric acid (2 M), oxalic acid (2%) and hydrochloric acid (0.5 M) the outcome of the extraction methods, 7. 1%, 6% and 11% respectively for tomatoes peels, while the pectin of beet peels were 8%, 6.5%, and 8.3%, and the highest percentage obtained in the manner of hydrochloric acid adopted in the manufacture of yogurt.Yogurt was manufactured with four treatments, in the first treatment standard pectin was added and the second treatment in addition to the pectin extracted from the peels of the tomatoes and the third treatment in addition to the peels of the beet and the treatment forth without adding any pectin. The samples were incubated with 42°C for 5 hours and the flavor grades were 9.2, 7.4, 7.2, 6.6 and the viscosity were 9.1, 8.6, 8.2, 5.3 for yogurt made with standard pectin and yogurt made with pectin extracted from tomatoes peels, and yogurtmade with pectin extracted from beet peels and pectin-free milk, respectively and the same order for color 9.3, 8.2 and 7.8. To know the ability of pectin to catch water, the yogurtwas recycled in the aforementioned treatments after milk was manufactured at a low solid rate material of (10%) and the incubation period was extended to 24 hours to help the whey become clear and it was found that the pectin-free milk had exuded the whey, while the standard pectin was able to prevent the extruding entirely while there was littleexudation in the treatment containing the pectin of tomatoes. There was more exudation in the treatment containing the pectin of the beet.
The Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been used for the separation of Poly aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) by using column Reprosil 100 C 18 which was found to be a suitable one for this purpose. The result showed that using mobile phase of (Acetonitrile-water) Reversed Phase HPLC , flow rate of (1.2 ml/min) , column temperature (30CËš) and wave length of (254nm), give a complete separation with a good resolution . The total separation time was less than 20 min. The result of the study showed that the vegetables of Baghdad city were polluted by poly aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in different places where samples taken because of drainage of the heavy water ,industrial trash and trash of oil colanders. -
... Show MoreThe purpose of this study was to find out the connection between the water parameters that were examined in the laboratory and the water index acquired from the examination of the satellite image of the study area. This was accomplished by analysing the Landsat-8 satellite picture results as well as the geographic information system (GIS). The primary goal of this study is to develop a model for the chemical and physical characteristics of the Al-Abbasia River in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate. The water parameters employed in this investigation are as follows: (PH, EC, TDS, TSS, Na, Mg, K, SO4, Cl, and NO3). To collect the samples, ten sampling locations were identified, and the satellite image was obtained on the
... Show More120 samples were collected from children (ages between new born and 10 years) who infected with oral thrush. The results revealed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of extracted oil of lemon grass against C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.keyfr, C.glabrata and C.guilliermondii were 1.25,1.25,1.25,2.5 and 2.5µl/ml and 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 5 and 5 µl /ml respectively. while the (MIC) and (MFC) for the extraction oil of thyme against C.albicans, C.tropicalis, C.keyfr, C.glabrata and C.guilliermondii were 0.6, 0.6, 1.25, 1.25, and 1.25µl/ml and 1.25, 1.25, 2.5, 2.5, and 2.5µl/ml respectively . While the value of (MIC) and (MFC) for Nystatin against Candida species were 32 and 64 µg
... Show MoreThe mobile phone has become one of the most important in our days. The effects of waves from mobile base station may cause health effects on human. The aim of this work was to study the effect of radiofrequency (RF) emitted from mobile base station on the hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell (PCV), white blood cells (WBC) and liver enzymes activity including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvie transaminase (GPT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In this study the people divided into control group who living away from mobile base station and experimental group who living near to the mobile base station. The present result found there is no significant differences (P<0.05) in the Hb and PCV, but there was a significant increases (
... Show MoreThis paper aims to identify how the United Nations works through its website in prioritizing audiences towards international issues، by identifying the digital PR mechanisms used in digital PR contents in prioritizing audiences towards the international issues they deal with. To achieve the objectives of this paper, the researcher used the survey method and content analysis tool with a view to identifying the ranking of international issues on the website of health، peace and security، humanitarian assistance، human rights، women، migrants، refugees and displaced persons، economic development، United Nations affairs، culture and education، environment and climate، sustainable development, and law and crime prevention. One of
... Show MoreThe open hole well log data (Resistivity, Sonic, and Gamma Ray) of well X in Euphrates subzone within the Mesopotamian basin are applied to detect the total organic carbon (TOC) of Zubair Formation in the south part of Iraq. The mathematical interpretation of the logs parameters helped in detecting the TOC and source rock productivity. As well, the quantitative interpretation of the logs data leads to assigning to the organic content and source rock intervals identification. The reactions of logs in relation to the increasing of TOC can be detected through logs parameters. By this way, the TOC can be predicted with an increase in gamma-ray, sonic, neutron, and resistivity, as well as a decrease in the density log
... Show MoreThe efficiency evaluation of the railway lines performance is done through a set of indicators and criteria, the most important are transport density, the productivity of enrollee, passenger vehicle production, the productivity of freight wagon, and the productivity of locomotives. This study includes an attempt to calculate the most important of these indicators which transport density index from productivity during the four indicators, using artificial neural network technology. Two neural networks software are used in this study, (Simulnet) and (Neuframe), the results of second program has been adopted. Training results and test to the neural network data used in the study, which are obtained from the international in
... Show MoreThis research aims to clarify and define the most important philosophical and rhetorical concepts to which many philosophical and rhetorical issues refer، since they have an effective role in the diversity and difference of intellectual schools، which are indispensable in proving major dogmatic issues، such as the concept of (existence، being، essence، and authenticity). Existence or Essence in contrast to the consideration of the other concept)، because it is one of the complex concepts and common words that carry different connotations among thinkers.
And from (the rule of judging something is a branch of its perception)، the researchers began to define these concepts، as evidence of the sincerity of perce
... Show MoreThe aim of this work was to estimate the concentrations of natural and artificial nuclides in some fertilized and unfertilized plant samples. These samples were collected and prepared in a petri dish for the measurements using gamma spectroscopy. The average values of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs for the unfertilized plant samples were (11.964 ± 3.226, 8.273 ± 2.639, 402.436 ± 18.099, and 2.761 ± 1.613) respectively, and for the fertilized plant samples were (30.434 ± 5.282, 22.584 ± 4.620, 711.332 ± 25.806, and 6.986 ± 2.542) respectively. The average values of radiological hazard indices, Raeq, D, D for 137Cs, (AEDE)in, (AEDE)out, Iγ, Hin, and Hout for the unfertilized plant samples were (54.782 ± 7.216, 27.306, 0.469, 0.
... Show More