Abstract. Full-waveform airborne laser scanning data has shown its potential to enhance available segmentation and classification approaches through the additional information it can provide. However, this additional information is unable to directly provide a valid physical representation of surface features due to many variables affecting the backscattered energy during travel between the sensor and the target. Effectively, this delivers a mis-match between signals from overlapping flightlines. Therefore direct use of this information is not recommended without the adoption of a comprehensive radiometric calibration strategy that accounts for all these effects. This paper presents a practical and reliable radiometric calibration routine by accounting for all the variables affecting the backscattered energy, including the essential factor of angle of incidence. A new robust incidence angle estimation approach has been developed which has proven capable of delivering a reliable estimation for the scattering direction of the individual echoes. The routine was tested and validated both visually and statistically over various land cover types with simple and challenging surface trends. This proved the validity of this approach to deliver the optimal match between overlapping flightlines after calibration, particularly by adopting a parameter which accounts for the angle of incidence effect.
New derivatives of thiosemicarbazide were synthesized by reaction of different aromatic aldehydes and ketones with thiosemicarbazide to give schiff-bases 1(a-d) . schiff-bases have been used for synthesized the thioimidazolidine 2(a-d) by reaction of schiff-bases with ethyl chloroacetatein in presence of anhydrous sodium acetate that transformed part of it in to Beta-lactam 3(a-b) compounds with phenyl acetic acid and thionyl chloride , The compounds 4(a-b) came from the reactor of 4-bromobenzaldehyde with compounds 2(a-b) , as well as reaction of compounds 2(b-d) with methyl iodide and anhydrous potassium carbonate to give 5 (b-d) , then added hydrazine hydrate formed 6(b-d) , then
... Show MoreThe available experimental data of proton electronic stopping power for Polyethylene, Mylar, Kapton and Polystyrene are compared with Mathematica, SRIM2013, PSTAR and libdEdx programs or databases. The comparison involves sketching out both experimental and databases data for each polymer to discuss the agreement. Further, we use statistical means via standard deviation resulting from the mean normalized difference to describe the precise agreement among the databases and the experimental data. We found that there is not a specific one database can describe the experimental data for certain material at given proton energy.
The research aimed to achieve many objectives represented in two variables, which are the impacted factors and the aggregate planning alternatives of workforce in Educational Al- yarmouk Hospital , This research started from a problem focused on finding solutions to the demand’s fluctuation or the energy limitation while the study importance is emerged from diagnosis the suitable strategy and adopt the suitable alternatives due to their importance in meeting the demand for the health service submitted by the hospital .This study based on choosing assumptions of connection relationship and the impact among the mentioned variables in the(surgery and internal diseases) departments. The research is dependent on ch
... Show MoreIn this paper, some series of new complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni (II) Cu(II) and Hg(II) are prepared from the Schiff bases (L1,L2). (L1) derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and O-phenylene dia mine then (L2) derived from (L1) and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Structural features are obtained from their elemental microanalyses, molar conductance, IR, UV–Vis, 1H, 13CNMR spectra and magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic susceptibility and UV–Vis, IR spectral data of the ligand (L1) complexes get square–planar and tetrahedral geometries and the complexes oflig and (L2) get an octahedral geometry. Antimicrobial examinations show good results in the sharing complexes.
In this study, the stresses and displacement around a tunnel opening under water body in Baghdad city, middle of Iraq, during excavation and lining are discussed. For this purpose, the finite element method (FEM) was adopted as an effective approach to analyze the problem using (SIGMA/W) program. The research includes the study of the behavior of soil due to excavation of a tunnel by calculating the displacements and stresses in three positions of the tunnel (crown, wall, and invert) during the various stages of construction. The surface settlement is also studied. The finite element analyses were carried out Using (Elastic- plastic) and (linear elastic) models for the soil and the concrete liner respectively.
The Synthesis of yttrium oxide nanoparticles have been achieved via calcination
of yttrium hydroxide produced from the reaction of aqueous solutions of yttrium
nitrate and sodium hydroxide at pH = 13 using hydrothermal and hydrothermal
microwave methods. Effect of heat treatment of the resulted yttrium hydroxide
powder on the morphology and crystallinity of the resulting oxide was studied at
calcination 500, 700 and 1000°C to obtain. The resulted products were
characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope
(SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer
(FTIR) and thermal analyses (TG).
This research paper studies the alienation of the intellectuals in the modern novel through the study of two alienated characters, John Marcher in Henry James's The Beast in the Jungle, and Mr. Duffy in James's Joyce's "A Painful Case." As a result of the complexity of life in the industrial societies, the individuals, especially the intellectual ones, feel themselves unable to integrate into social life; they fear society and feel that it endangers their individuality and independence. Thus, these characters live on the fringe of the societ
... Show MoreThe research aims to develop alternatives to transportation at the entrance to the Educational City (University of Baghdad) during the morning and evening peaks, which result from of the traffic congestion at the entrances to the educational city (the University of Baghdad), and affects the emotional, functional, and social performance of the whole city, and leads to hotbeds of confluence and congestion at the entrances in the morning and evening peaks. This movement was measured on the ground for pedestrians and vehicles. Some criteria were adopted to determine the density of road length to the area and density of roads for the number of users and the rate of the area served by roads. The research reviews the experiences of some
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