The harvest of hydrocarbon from the depleted reservoir is crucial during field development. Therefore, drilling operations in the depleted reservoir faced several problems like partial and total lost circulation. Continuing production without an active water drive or water injection to support reservoir pressure will decrease the pore and fracture pressure. Moreover, this depletion will affect the distribution of stress and change the mud weight window. This study focused on vertical stress, maximum and minimum horizontal stress redistributions in the depleted reservoirs due to decreases in pore pressure and, consequently, the effect on the mud weight window. 1D and 4D robust geomechanical models are built based on all available data in a mature oil field. The 1D model was used to estimate all mechanical rock properties, stress, and pore pressure. The minimum and maximum horizontal stress were determined using the poroelastic horizontal strain model. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were calibrated using drained triaxial and uniaxial compression tests. The pore pressure was tested using modular dynamic tester log MDT. The Mohr–Coulomb model was applied in the 4D model to calculate the stress distribution in the depleted reservoir. According to study wells, the target area has been classified into four main groups in Mishrif reservoir based on depletion: highly, moderately, slightly, and no depleted region. Also, the results showed that the units had been classified into three main categories based on depletion state (from above to low depleted): L1.1, L1.2, and M1. The mean average reduction in minimum horizontal stress magnitude was 322 psi for L1.1, 183.86 psi for L1.2, and 115.56 psi for M1. Thus, the lower limit of fracture pressure dropped to a high value in L1.1, which is considered a weak point. As a result of changing horizontal stress, the mud weight window became narrow.
Synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing four five-membered rings together was the main goal of this work. The new derivatives of [tetrakis (1,2,4-triazole /1,3,4-thiadiazole /1,3,4-oxadiazole][bis-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)] dioxymethylene A7-A18 were synthesized by the reaction of [bis-(dimethyl 5-yl-isophthalate)] dioxymethylene compound A1 which was previously prepared from the reaction of 1,2-dibromomethan and dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate, then treated with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding acid hydrazide A2. In the next step, compound A2 was refluxed with 4-substituted isothiocyanate to give substituted thiosemicarbazides A3-A6. The treatment of the latter compounds in basic medium of 2M o
... Show MoreThe ligand 4-(2-aminmo-5-nitro-phenylazo)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 4-nitroaniline was synthesized. The synthesized ligand was characterized by 1HNMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra and (C.H.N) analysis. Complexes of (YIII and LaIII ) with the ligand were prepared in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio and at optimum pH. The prepared complexes were characterized by using flame atomic absorption, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra,(C.H.N) analysis and conductivity measurement. The stoichiometry of complexes was studied by the mole ratio and job methods. A concentration range (1×10-4 - 3×10-4 M) obeyed Beer's law, the complex solutions show high values of molar absorption. On the basis of physicochemical
... Show MoreA new chelate complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) were prepared by reacting these ions with the ligand 2-[4- Carboxy methyl phenyl azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (4CMeI) The preparation were conducted after fixing the optimum conditions such as (pH) and concentration .UV- visible spectra of these complex solutions were studied for a range of (pH) and concentration which obey lampert-Beers Law.The structures of complexes were deduced according to mole ratio method which were obtained from the spectroscopic studies of the complex solutions .The ratios of metal: ligand obtained were (1:2) for all complexes..(UV-Vis) absorption spectra and The infrared spectra of the chelating complexes were studied ,this may indicate that coordination be
... Show MoreThe formation of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)-complexes (C1-C5) respectively was studied with new Schiff base ligand [benzyl(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalidene) hydrazine carbodithioate derived from reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and benzyl hydrazine carbodithioate. The suggested structures of the ligand and its complexes have been determined by using C.H.N.S analyzer, thermal analysis, FT-IR, U.V-Visible, 1HNMR, 13CNMR , conductivity measurement , magnetic susceptibility and atomic absorption. According to these studies, the ligand coordinates as a tridentate with metal ions through nitrogen atom of azomethane , oxygen atom of hydroxyl, and sulfur atom of thione
... Show MoreThe Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FTIR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2 -) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine by KOH (Ala
... Show MoreThe paper tackles two topics. The first is about the term "Ремейк" which is very common in contemporary Russian literature; it has counterparts such as " Обработка" and " Переделка", where these two may indicate any of the following meanings (remake, reformulate, rewrite, treatment, modification, change). It has been shown that this term does not have a stable definition. Also, the role of this term in literary studies has been mentioned along with how it has come to its peak of use in post-modern literature.
The second is that I have taken a sample of well-known works in Russian literature " On the Eve, On the Eve " by the contemporary Russian writer YevgueniBobov, and shown the effort of the writer
... Show MoreThe adsorption ability of Iraqi initiated calcined granulated montmorillonite to adsorb Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1, 2-diylidenebis (methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis (2-methoxyphenol)] derived from condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, from aqueous solutions has been investigated through columnar method.The ligand (H2L) adsorption found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time.All columnar experiments were carried out at three different pH values (5.5, 7and 8) using buffer solutions at flow rate of (3 drops/ min.),at room temperature (25±2)°C. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The monol
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