Tillage tools are subject to friction and low-stress abrasive wear processes with the potential deterioration of the desired soil quality, loss of mechanical weed efficacy, and downtime for replacing worn tools. Limited experimental methods exist to quantify investigate the effect of wear-resistant coatings on shape parameters of soil-engaging tools. ASTM standard sand/rubber wheel abrasion and pin-on-disk tests are not able to simulate wear characteristics of the complex shape of the tillage tools. Even though the tribology of tillage tools can be realistic from field tests, tillage wear tests under field conditions are expensive and often challenging to generate repeatable engineering data due to variable soil conditions in the field. A technique that simulated tillage wear of cultivator sweep in a circular soil bin filled with abrasive gravel medium and moisture condition was developed and applied to quantify the wear characteristics of cultivator sweeps with and without hardfaced edges. The hardfaced cultivator sweep had a cemented carbide chip applied to the bottom cutting edge and front tip sections of a standard cultivator sweep according to a proprietary CADEN Edge welding process. The CADEN Edge hardfaced sweeps showed improved wear performance 1.7 times and 3.5 times on mass and shape (sweep length and sweep wing cutting width) dimensions, respectively, compared with the un-hardened standard sweep. The results implied hardfaced cultivator sweep with cemented carbide chips provide potential in maintaining tillage productivity and the desired soil quality for seed-bed preparation.
It was in the statement of the impact of moderation in preserving the freedom of individuals, including freedom of personal opinions, freedom of belief and freedom of language. It was dedicated to explaining the negative impact on the future of the nation in opposing moderation, including: dispersal of society, weakening the capabilities of society, and ease of control and occupation
The consequences of divorce after separation have several legal and legal provisions among them is that the wife must wait for a certain period specified by the legislator before marrying another, whether her husband left her after the practice of interning or died until the expiration of the period of counting and compensation for arbitrary divorce and the right of the unmarried to live in the marital home and complete her dowry is gold. But it cannot block the object of material and moral damage, especially if it was fired without shortening them and therefore these rights were decided by the provisions of the absolute and remove the effects on its reputation
In this paper, a theoretical study to the effect of journal misalignment on the static characteristics of oil filled porous journal bearing when lubricated with couple stress fluid has been carried out.
The analytical model used through this work is for a bearing with isotropic permeability. Considering isotropic permeability the Reynolds' equation for the oil film is modified to include a so – called filter term and the effect of fluid coupled stress. The pressure equation for the porous medium is obtained from Darcy's law and continuity equation. The equation which was used to evaluate the oil film thickness was modified to include the effect of possible misalignment in longitudinal and transverse directions. The governing eq
... Show MoreDrilling solutions can be considered as an intricate mixture comprising of number of chemical additives which aid specific needs such as controlling the rheological properties and reducing corrosion. Inhibitors are substances that are added in small concentrations to corrosive environment to decrease the corrosion. Their applications can be found in drilling equipments. The effect of adding Zinc Sulphate and Carboxymethyl Cellulose to study their influence on the corrosion of carbon steel in Bentonite mud has been evaluated using Weight Loss Technique. This study focuses on determining rheological properties and corrosion characteristics. Results show CMC and ZnSO4 work as inhibitors when added to the Bentonite with inhibition
... Show MoreThe influence of the reaction gas composition during the DC magnetron sputtering process on the structural, chemical and optical properties of Ce-oxide thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed that all thin films exhibited a polycrystalline character with cubic fluorite structure for cerium dioxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that cerium is present in two oxidation states, namely as CeO2 and Ce2O3, at the surface of the films prepared at oxygen/argon flow ratios between 0% and 7%, whereas the films are completely oxidized into CeO2 as the aforementioned ratio increases beyond 14%. Various optical parameters for the thin films (including an optical band gap in the range of 2.25–3.
... Show MoreBasil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a leafy plant used for fresh food, medicinal purposes, and aromatic purposes (including the extraction of volatile essential oil and active compounds), was the subject of a worker experiment at the College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham / University of Baghdad during the 2023 growing season. The experiment aimed to determine the effects of spraying the basil plant’s vegetative system with aqueous extracts of watercress and parsley on the plant’s growth characteristics and the production of active compounds. The experiment included two factors, the first factor, the aqueous extract of the watercress plant in three concentrations (0, 5, 10
The m-consecutive-k-out-of-n: F linear and circular system consists of n sequentially connected components; the components are ordered on a line or a circle; it fails if there are at least m non-overlapping runs of consecutive-k failed components. This paper proposes the reliability and failure probability functions for both linearly and circularly m-consecutive-k-out-of-n: F systems. More precisely, the failure states of the system components are separated into two collections (the working and the failure collections); where each one is defined as a collection of finite mutual disjoint classes of the system states. Illustrative example is provided.
This study aims to identify the role of electronic management in simplifying the work procedures at Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University. The study was based on the random sample of (366) individuals. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaire. The statistical tests were applied according to the data and the study hypotheses: Cronbach’s Alpha, mean, standard deviation, Z test, ANOVA. The study concluded numbers of results: Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University applies electronic management in its administrative processes (planning, organizing, directing, controlling) to a very high level. There are substantial differences in the views of the sample me
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